Hierarchical System of Digital Twins: A Holistic Architecture for Swarm System Analysis
Résumé
Swarm systems are being increasingly adopted for their operational capabilities and are now assigned more sensitive missions, often in unpredictable environments. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate their performance in the face of natural or human-induced uncertainties before deployment and enhance their resilience during missions. To enable a comprehensive analysis of this system, a multi-level analysis must be conducted to capture the dynamics at the component, cluster, and swarm levels. Digital Twin (DT) offers a promising solution to address this challenge. While there are existing approaches that use digital twins to analyze complex systems, they do not take into account the specific requirements introduced by swarm configuration. This paper presents a holistic reference architecture, the Hierarchical System of Digital Twins (HSDT), which lays the groundwork for creating digital twins of swarm systems. To support this framework, we introduce the concepts of functional and aggregation hierarchies and propose a goal-oriented method for instantiating DT with a specific level of sophistication. Additionally, we present a metamodel that integrates elements of the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) data model to ensure interoperability with external standards. A prototype of HSDT was developed, and a case study was presented, focusing on analyzing spatial parameters within a swarm of Unmanned Vehicles (UVs).
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