index - Laboratoire d'Excellence Dispositif de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux Accéder directement au contenu
Le dispositif des Observatoires Hommes-Milieux (OHM) a été conçu comme un outil d’incitation, de soutien et d’organisation de l’inter-disciplinarité. Il se consacre à l’étude et la compréhension des Socio-Eco Systèmes très anthropisés affectés par des modifications brutales (crises socio-écosystémiques) qui interviennent de plus en plus dans le cadre du Changement Global (écologique, économique, social) ou en sont les conséquences. Il contribue, par sa recherche et la diffusion qui en est faite aux communautés scientifiques mais aussi à la Société, à favoriser un développement durable.
 
Depuis 2007, ce dispositif OHM a été conçu et développé au sein du CNRS EDD puis INEE. Il regroupe aujourd’hui 13 OHM, chacun focalisé sur son objet spécifique, dont 6 se situent en métropole, 2 en outre-mer et 5 à l’étranger.
Depuis 2012, le LabEx DRIIHM (Dispositif de Recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux) en assure la gouvernance, développe et anime les transversalités.
 
 
Cette collection a pour but de rassembler toutes les publications scientifiques réalisées dans le cadre de projets développés dans les OHM et soutenus par le Labex DRIIHM tout en permettant :
  • d’accroître l’accessibilité des publications du LabEx

  • de valoriser la production du LabEx et des lauréats des AAP annuels

Elle recense l’ensemble des publications contenues dans les sous-collections des 13 OHM que vous pouvez trouver via les onglets ci-dessus.
 

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Autres collections

Consignes pour les déposants

Que déposer dans HAL ?

  • Le texte intégral des articles publiés dans des revues, avec ou sans comité de lecture, après s'être assuré des conditions de dépôt accordées par l'éditeur.

  • Le texte intégral des communications dans des conférences

  • A minima, les références bibliographiques de toute production de recherche

Comment déposer dans HAL ?

  • Créer votre compte ou connectez-vous avec votre login SciencesConf.org

  • Vérifier les droits accordés par les revues scientifiques

  • Tutoriels

Attention

Afin de permettre une bonne identification des publications, veillez à respecter les règles de signature des publications scientifiques du LabEx DRIIHM :
  • Les dépôts effectués pour des publications issues d'un projet financé par DRIIHM doivent mentionner le LabEx par la mention ANR-11-LABX-0010 dans le champ "Projet ANR" de la page "Métadonnées"

  • Le dépôt doit être "tamponné" vers la/les sous-collections OHM concernées soit manuellement par le(s) propriétaire(s) de(s) sous-collection(s) soit en ajoutant le(s) mot(s) clé(s) : "OHM(i) <nom de l'OHM>" (cf. "Pour aller plus loin")

  • Le dépôt doit être effectué en accord avec les co-auteurs et dans le respect de la politique des éditeurs.

  • Le dépôt de vos résultats dans HAL constituant une divulgation publique, assurez-vous au préalable que ces résultats de recherche ne sont pas soumis à des obligations de confidentialité, ou qu’ils ne font pas l’objet d’une procédure en cours pour le dépôt d’un brevet d’invention.

Pour aller plus loin

Vous trouverez ci-dessous, pour le LabEx et les OHM, un lien vers la fiche descriptive, l'adresse du site et le mot clé à rajouter dans la notice :
 
LabEx DRIIHM : https://www.driihm.fr/
Bassin Minier de Provence : https://www.ohm-provence.org/ -> OHM Bassin Minier de Provence
Oyapock (Guyane française) : https://ohm-oyapock.in2p3.fr/ -> OHM Oyapock
Estarreja (Portugal) : https://ohm-estarreja.in2p3.fr/ -> OHMi Estarreja
Tessékéré (Sénégal) : https://ohmi-tessekere.in2p3.fr/ -> OHMi Tessekere
Pyrénées-Haut Vicdessos : http://w3.ohmpyr.univ-tlse2.fr/ -> OHM Pyrenees
Vallée du Rhône : https://ohm-vallee-du-rhone.fr/ -> OHM Vallee du Rhone
Littoral Méditerranéen : https://www.ohm-littoral-mediterraneen.fr/-> OHM Littoral Mediterraneen
Nunavik (Canada) : https://ohmi-nunavik.in2p3.fr/ -> OHMi Nunavik
Pays de Bitche : https://ohm-pays-de-bitche.in2p3.fr/ -> OHM Pays de Bitche
Pima County (USA) : https://ohmi-pima-county.in2p3.fr/ -> OHMi Pima County
Littoral Caraïbe : https://ohm-littoral-caraibe.in2p3.fr/ -> OHM Littoral Caraibe
Patagonia-Bahia Exploradores (Chili) : https://ohm-bahia-exploradores.in2p3.fr/ -> OHMi Bahia Exploradores
Fessenheim : https://ohm-fessenheim.fr/ -> OHM Fessenheim

 

 

Derniers articles

Cet article vise à analyser la publicisation des débats sur les orientations de politiques publiques, les choix sociotechniques et les solutions alternatives avancés par des acteurs et actrices, pour faire face aux situations de sécheresse et de pénurie en eau. Il prend pour cas d’étude l’État d’Arizona (États-Unis), dans lequel ces situations se multiplient et s’intensifient. Les analyses combinent les connaissances apportées par des entretiens et des observations sur le terrain avec l’analyse des réseaux d’acteurs et actrices, des discours collectés dans la presse locale et des messages sur Twitter. Il apparaît que les prises de position et les décisions de nature politique et économique entraînent des conséquences déterminantes sur la répartition des ressources hydriques. Enfin, l’article montre comment les prises de position et les discours, en relation avec les enquêtes de terrain, représentent une source d’importance pour évaluer les configurations spatio-temporelles des épisodes de sécheresses et pour déterminer quels sont les risques et les mesures mises ou à mettre en œuvre qui préoccupent les sociétés et font l’objet de débats publics.

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This article explores the process of implementing an interdisciplinary and participatory scientific approach in the “OHM Pays de Bitche” (Pays de Bitche Human-Environment Observatory).

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Urban pavements, which help to maintain clean and secure streets, generate large amounts of runoff that aggravate flooding and degrade the quality of surface water. In the context of ecological and climatic crisis, they also contribute to the creation of heat islands in cities, as well as hindering biodiversity. So greening cities must be encouraged. Our article highlights the case of Montpellier - Mediterranean Metropolis (Montpellier 3M, Southern France), which is undergoing one of the highest rates of demographic and urban growth in France. It asks questions around the impact of increased construction on the quality of water in small and fragile coastal catchment areas by the Mediterranean. It also examines local collective action in an attempt to identify the brakes and levers on greening initiatives for the effective management of runoff water, encouraged by legislation: de -paving, setting up rain gardens and returning to permeable urban soils. We use empirical material collected during sociological research in addition to hydrological and chemical measurements. Our aim was to elucidate the perspectives of a wide range of stakeholders, since an understanding of these is crucial in adapting blue-green infrastructure to the local context so that it is both efficient and accepted as a legitimate solution. Our examination suggests ways to think democratically about the dismantling of bitumen road paving to slow down urban water flows and thus improve the habitability of Southern European cities in a context of climatic and ecological crisis.

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Although global plastic distribution is at the heart of 21st century environmental concerns, little information is available concerning how organic plastic additives contaminate freshwater sediments, which are often subject to strong anthropogenic pressure. Here, sediment core samples were collected in the Rhone and the Rhine watersheds (France), dated using 137Cs and 210Pbxs methods and analysed for nine phthalates (PAEs) and seven organophosphate esters (OPEs). The distribution of these organic contaminants was used to establish a chronological archive of plastic additive pollution from 1860 (Rhine) and 1930 (Rhone) until today. Sediment grain size and parameters related to organic matter (OM) were also measured as potential factors that may affect the temporal distribution of OPEs and PAEs in sediments. Our results show that OPE and PAE levels increased continuously in Rhone and Rhine sediments since the first records. In both rivers, ∑PAEs levels (from 9.1 ± 1.7 to 487.3 ± 27.0 ng g−1 dry weight (dw) ± standard deviation and from 4.6 ± 1.3 to 65.2 ± 11.2 ng g−1 dw, for the Rhine and the Rhone rivers, respectively) were higher than ∑OPEs levels (from 0.1 ± 0.1 to 79.1 ± 13.7 ng g−1 dw and from 0.6 ± 0.1 to 17.8 ± 2.3 ng g−1 dw, for Rhine and Rhone rivers, respectively). In both rivers, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant PAE, followed by diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), while tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant OPE. No relationship was found between granulometry and additives concentrations, while organic matter helps explain the vertical distribution of PAEs and OPEs in the sediment cores. This study thus establishes a temporal trajectory of PAEs and OPEs contents over the last decades, leading to a better understanding of historical pollution in these two Western European rivers.

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The quantification of microplastic (MP) pollution in rivers is often constrained by a lack of historical data on a multi-decadal scale, which hinders the evaluation of public policies. In this study, MP contents and trends were analyzed in dated sediment cores sampled upstream and downstream of a large metropolis, in environmental deposits that exhibited consistent sedimentation patterns from the 1980s to 2021. After a thorough sedimen- tological analysis, MPs were quantified in samples by micro Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (μFTIR imaging) and a density separation and organic matter digestion procedure. Microplastics recorded in the up- stream core are relatively ubiquitous all along the dated sequence. The results also confirmed a sever increase of microplastics levels in the downstream core, by one order of magnitude, and an increase of polymer types. Polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene represent ubiquitous contamination and were predominant at the two stations, whereas polyvinyl chloride and polytetrafluoroethylene were suspected to be abundant at the downstream station, but were not detected at the upstream station. Their presence could be linked to local contamination from specific industrial sources that manufactured and utilized these polymers. Surprisingly, in the downstream station sediment has recorded a relative improvement in polymers associated with industrial sources since the 2000s and, to a lesser extent, for ubiquitous ones since the 2010s. This trend of mitigation diverges from that of global assessments, that assume uncontrolled MP pollution, and suggest that European Union wastewater policy and regulation on industrial discharges have positively influenced water quality, and certainly also on MPs. However, the accumulation of microplastics remains high in recent deposits and raises the emerging concern of the long-term management of these reservoirs.

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Peatlands are considered the most efficient ecosystem for long-term storage of atmospheric carbon (C). However, reasons for variations in C accumulation within peatlands remain largely unexplained. Using a comprehensive multi-level approach combining soil-atmosphere C exchanges, microbial extracellular enzyme activities, and genome-resolved cellular and viral metagenomics, we endeavored to decipher the microbial determinants and their role in C dynamics in the bog and fen of a European peatland. Overall, the bog exhibited a higher C content and dissolved organic carbon concentration. Despite contrasting geochemical conditions, these differences were not explained by environmental parameters nor the vegetation. Metagenomic analyses revealed varying microbial community composition, the bog being less diverse and dominated by Acidobacteriota and the fen comprising five predominant phyla (Crenarcheota, Chloroflexota, Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota and Acidobacteriota). Both bog and fen microbial communities were stable between spring and summer. Yet, similar CO2 emissions were recorded in both bog and fen, along with similar organic matter (OM) decomposition microbial activities and potential. Ultimately, the bog harbored significantly more viruses than the fen. Most intriguingly, these viruses were predicted to target Acidobacteriota, the phyla displaying the highest OM-degrading capacity in the bog. By impairing the activity of the dominant players in OM degradation, viruses might have a significant role in C dynamics in the bog over time. In addition, we propose that low microbial diversity limited cross-feeding opportunities in the bog, further limiting C degradation. Taken together, this study deciphers the role of microbial communities driving C accumulation in peatlands and, consequently, peatland ecosystem functioning.

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Socio-ecological research enlists inter- and transdisciplinarity to address complex environmental issues. Yet the “socio-ecological system” concept can be interpreted in many different ways. A characterization of the diverse practices in socio-ecological research could facilitate dialogue between researchers about the possible conceptual and ethical approaches. In this study, we investigated if a detailed analysis of scientific articles would reveal the nature and course of a socio-ecological research network, and the research angle of its members. The example we used was the Rhône River Long-Term Socio-Ecological Journal Pre-proof Research (LTSER) platform in France. We combined a multivariate analysis of a reading grid of publications by Rhône River LTSER researchers and a textual analysis of the scientific narratives. The publications were from a 10-year period and corresponded to those used in a recent international comparative analysis of LTSER platforms. The analysis revealed that the research was dominated by a biophysical approach, with a progressive increase in social aspects. The emergence of a transdisciplinary approach, co-constructed with operational partners, was also shown. The research conducted by the Rhône River LTSER was grounded in the context of managing a river with strong anthropic influences and interests, and the scientific approach aimed to provide knowledge for guiding decisions. Little reference was made in the publications to socio-ecological conceptual frameworks. Beyond the example of this LTSER platform, we identified indicators for describing the degree of inter- and transdisciplinarity and the different perceptions of socio-ecological systems. The narrative analysis revealed the angle of the research approach; this method could be used in future studies for a comparison of the diverse approaches of multiple research groups.

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Vanadium (V) concentrations in organisms are usually very low. To date, among animals, only some urochordate and annelid species contain very high levels of V in their tissues. A new case of hyper-accumulation of V in a distinct animal phylum (Porifera), namely, the two homoscleromorph sponge species Oscarella lobularis and O. tuberculata is reported. The measured concentrations (up to 30 g/kg dry weight) exceed those reported previously and are not found in all sponge classes. In both Oscarella species, V is mainly accumulated in the surface tissues, and in mesohylar cells, as V(IV), before being partly reduced to V(III) in the deeper tissues. Candidate genes from Bacteria and sponges have been identified as possibly being involved in the metabolism of V. This finding provides clues for the development of bioremediation strategies in marine ecosystems and/or bioinspired processes to recycle this critical metal.

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