The fruit of Annona squamosa L. as a source of environmental neurotoxins: From quantification of squamocin to annotation of Annonaceous acetogenins by LC–MS/MS analysis
Résumé
Annonaceous acetogenins (AAGs) are neurotoxins possibly responsible for atypical Parkinsonism/dementia
clusters, via the consumption of edible Annonaceae fruits. Their presence was investigated in fruit
pulps of Annona squamosa from different locations. Qualitative analysis of other AAGs was performed.
We here report the identification of squamocin in batches from Asia, the Caribbean Basin and the
Indian Ocean. This molecule was quantified by HPLC-UV, evidencing a content of 13.5–36.4 mg/fruit.
HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF allowed the detection of 25 different raw formulas matching with AAGs. LC–MS/MS
methodological development was performed using 4 representative standards. The main AAGs could
be annotated, including bullatacin (rolliniastatin-2) and annonacin. This study evidences a remarkable
homogeneity for the main AAGs within the species, and discrepancies for minor compounds. These findings
indicate that A. squamosa should be considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders
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