%0 Journal Article %T High Pathogenicity of Nipah Virus from Pteropus lylei Fruit Bats, Cambodia %+ Immunobiologie des infections virales – Immunobiology of Viral Infections (IbIV) %+ Viroscan3D SAS [Lyon, France] %+ Virpath-Grippe, de l'émergence au contrôle -- Virpath-Influenza, from emergence to control (Virpath) %+ Bases moléculaires de la pathogénicité virale – Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity (BMPV) %+ Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM) %+ Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE) %A Gaudino, Maria %A Aurine, Noémie %A Dumont, Claire %A Fouret, Julien %A Ferren, Marion %A Mathieu, Cyrille %A Reynard, Olivier %A Volchkov, Viktor E. %A Legras-Lachuer, Catherine %A Georges-Courbot, Marie Claude %A Horvat, Branka %Z This work was supported by LABEX ECOFECT (ANR-11-LABX-0048) of Lyon University, within the program Investissements d’Avenir (ANR-11-IDEX-0007) operated by the French National Research Agency, ANR-18-CE11-0014-02, Aviesan Sino-French Agreement on Nipah Virus Study, and the International Division of the Institut Pasteur in Paris (Actions Concertées Inter-Pasteurienne). J.F. was supported by the doctoral fellowship CIFRE-Défense operated by the Direction Générale de l’Armement. %< avec comité de lecture %@ 1080-6040 %J Emerging Infectious Diseases %I Centers for Disease Control and Prevention %V 26 %N 1 %P 104 - 113 %8 2020-01 %D 2020 %R 10.3201/eid2601.191284 %M 31855143 %K spillover %K viruses %K zoonoses %K sequencing %K phylogenetic analysis %K phosphoprotein %K pathogenicity %K fruit bats %K hamster %K henipavirus %K emerging infection %K animal model %K Pteropus lylei %K CSUR381 %K NiV-Malaysia genotype %K Cambodia %K Nipah virus %K Pteropus bats %Z Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/VirologyJournal articles %X We conducted an in-depth characterization of the Nipah virus (NiV) isolate previously obtained from a Pteropus lylei bat in Cambodia in 2003 (CSUR381). We performed full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses and confirmed CSUR381 is part of the NiV-Malaysia genotype. In vitro studies revealed similar cell permissiveness and replication of CSUR381 (compared with 2 other NiV isolates) in both bat and human cell lines. Sequence alignments indicated conservation of the ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3 receptor binding sites, the glycosylation site on the G attachment protein, as well as the editing site in phosphoprotein, suggesting production of nonstructural proteins V and W, known to counteract the host innate immunity. In the hamster animal model, CSUR381 induced lethal infections. Altogether, these data suggest that the Cambodia bat-derived NiV isolate has high pathogenic potential and, thus, provide insight for further studies and better risk assessment for future NiV outbreaks in Southeast Asia. %G English %Z We thank Jean-Marc Reynes and Pasteur Institut staff for providing us with the NiV Cambodia isolate and Doris Preininger, Anton Weissenbacher, and Tiergarten Schönbrunn for P. giganteus bat sampling. We thank Amelia Charlotte Coggon for English proofreading of the manuscript, and we also thank François Enchéry, Kévin Dhondt, Mathieu Iampietro, Sylvain Baize, and Géraldine Gourru-Lesimple for help initiating and finalizing this work. %2 https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-03091393/document %2 https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-03091393/file/19-1284-combined.pdf %L hal-03091393 %U https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-03091393 %~ INSERM %~ ENS-LYON %~ PASTEUR %~ CNRS %~ UNIV-LYON1 %~ BIOENVIS %~ AGREENIUM %~ CIRI %~ UDL %~ UNIV-LYON %~ INRAE %~ ANR %~ ECOMIC %~ ECOMIC-EQUIPE7 %~ CIRI-V-VOLCHKOV-BMPV %~ CIRI-B-HORVAT-IBIV %~ CIRI-S-BAIZE-UBIVE %~ CIRI-B-LINA-M-ROSA-CALATRAVA-VIRPATH %~ RESEAU-EAU %~ DPT_ECODIV