Control by Mixed-Chloride Additives of the Quality and Homogeneity of Bulk Halide Perovskite upon Film Formation Process - CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue Journal of Materials Chemistry A Année : 2021

Control by Mixed-Chloride Additives of the Quality and Homogeneity of Bulk Halide Perovskite upon Film Formation Process

Résumé

Nowadays, overcoming the stability issue of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) while keeping high efficiency has become an urgent need for the future of this technology. By using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and introducing solvent profile evolution monitoring by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) technique, we have highlighted the effect of chloride additives on the formation mechanism of Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 films upon annealing. Two formation steps are distinguished: first the superficial residual solvent is eliminated, second, the solvent in the depth of the film is evaporated. The elimination profile signs the final morphology of the layer. The downward (top-down) growth has been encountered for the pristine and potassium chloride additive cases. It led to the formation of multiple boundaries and middlesized grain morphology. We unveil that employing both potassium chloride and ammonium chloride additives forces the homogeneous elimination of the solvent across the layer, and then the lateral growth of the grains. It resulted in large size, monolithic and defect-poor grains with good coverage of the substrate which are the targeted properties for high efficiency. By combining this approach with the film surface treatment with n-propylammonium iodide (PAI), further performance and stability increases have been achieved. It resulted in a stabilized power conversion efficiency over 21%. These PSCs are also proved to be highly resistant to light, moisture, and temperature external stressors.
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Dates et versions

hal-03367762 , version 1 (06-10-2021)

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Daming Zheng, Thierry Pauporté. Control by Mixed-Chloride Additives of the Quality and Homogeneity of Bulk Halide Perovskite upon Film Formation Process. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2021, 9 (33), pp.17801-17811. ⟨10.1039/D1TA04651A⟩. ⟨hal-03367762⟩
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