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Article Dans Une Revue Nature Année : 2021

The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

Pablo Librado (1) , Naveed Khan (1, 2) , Antoine Fages (1) , Mariya A Kusliy (1) , Tomasz Suchan (1) , Laure Tonasso-Calvière (1) , Stéphanie Schiavinato (1) , Duha Alioglu (1) , Aurore Fromentier (1) , Aude Perdereau (3) , Jean-Marc Aury (4, 3) , Charleen Gaunitz (1) , Lorelei Chauvey (1) , Andaine Seguin-Orlando (1) , Clio Der Sarkissian (1) , John Southon (5) , Beth Shapiro (6, 7) , Alexey A Tishkin (8) , Alexey A Kovalev (9) , Saleh Alquraishi (10) , Ahmed H Alfarhan (10) , Khaled a S Al-Rasheid (10) , Timo Seregély (11) , Lutz Klassen (12) , Rune Iversen (12) , Olivier Bignon-Lau (13, 14) , Pierre Bodu (13, 14) , Monique Olive (14, 13) , Jean-Christophe Castel (15) , Myriam Boudadi-Maligne (16) , Nadir Alvarez (15, 17) , Mietje Germonpré (18) , Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo (19) , Jarosław Wilczyński (19) , Sylwia Pospuła (19) , Anna Lasota-Kuś (19) , Krzysztof Tunia (19) , Marek Nowak (20) , Eve Rannamäe (21) , Urmas Saarma (21) , Gennady Boeskorov (22) , Lembi Lōugas (23) , René Kyselý (24) , Lubomír Peške , Adrian Bălășescu (25) , Valentin Dumitrașcu (25) , Roxana Dobrescu (25) , Daniel Gerber (26) , Viktória Kiss (26) , Anna Szécsényi-Nagy (26) , Balázs G Mende (26) , Zsolt Gallina , Krisztina Somogyi , Gabriella Kulcsár (26) , Erika Gál (26) , Robin Bendrey (27) , Morten E Allentoft (28, 12) , Ghenadie Sirbu (29) , Valentin Dergachev (29) , Henry Shephard (30) , Noémie Tomadini (31) , Sandrine Grouard (31) , Aleksei Kasparov (32) , Alexander E Basilyan (9) , Mikhail A Anisimov (33) , Pavel A Nikolskiy (9) , Elena y Pavlova (33) , Vladimir Pitulko (32) , Gottfried Brem (34) , Barbara Wallner (34) , Christoph Schwall (35) , Marcel Keller (21, 36) , Keiko Kitagawa (37, 38) , Alexander N Bessudnov (39, 32) , William Taylor (40) , Jérome Magail (41) , Jamiyan-Ombo Gantulga (42) , Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan (36) , Diimaajav Erdenebaatar (43) , Kubatbeek Tabaldiev (44) , Enkhbayar Mijiddorj (43) , Bazartseren Boldgiv (45) , Turbat Tsagaan (42) , Mélanie Pruvost (16) , Sandra Olsen (46) , Cheryl A Makarewicz (47) , Silvia Valenzuela Lamas (48) , Silvia Albizuri Canadell (49) , Ariadna Nieto Espinet (50) , Ma Pilar Iborra , Jaime Lira Garrido (51) , Esther Rodríguez González (48) , Sebastián Celestino (48) , Carmen Olària (52) , Juan Luis Arsuaga (48, 53) , Nadiia Kotova (54) , Alexander Pryor (55) , Pam Crabtree (56) , Rinat Zhumatayev (57) , Abdesh Toleubaev (57) , Nina L Morgunova (58) , Tatiana Kuznetsova (59, 60) , David Lordkipanize (61, 62) , Matilde Marzullo (63) , Ornella Prato (63) , Giovanna Bagnasco Gianni (63) , Umberto Tecchiati (63) , Benoit Clavel (31) , Sébastien Lepetz (31) , Hossein Davoudi (64) , Marjan Mashkour (31, 64) , Natalia Ya. Berezina (59) , Philipp W Stockhammer (65, 66) , Johannes Krause (36, 65) , Wolfgang Haak (36, 65, 67) , Arturo Morales-Muñiz (68) , Norbert Benecke (69) , Michael Hofreiter (70) , Arne Ludwig (71, 72) , Alexander S Graphodatsky (22) , Joris Peters (66, 73) , Kirill Yu. Kiryushin (8) , Tumur-Ochir Iderkhangai , Nikolay A Bokovenko (22) , Sergey K Vasiliev (22) , Nikolai N Seregin (8) , Konstantin V Chugunov , Natalya A Plasteeva (22) , Gennady F Baryshnikov (22) , Ekaterina Petrova (74) , Mikhail Sablin (22) , Elina Ananyevskaya (74) , Andrey Logvin , Irina Shevnina , Victor Logvin , Saule Kalieva , Valeriy Loman , Igor Kukushkin , Ilya Merz , Victor Merz , Sergazy Sakenov , Victor Varfolomeyev , Emma Usmanova , Viktor Zaibert (57) , Benjamin Arbuckle (75) , Andrey B Belinskiy , Alexej Kalmykov , Sabine Reinhold (69) , Svend Hansen (69) , Aleksandr I Yudin , Alekandr A Vybornov (76) , Andrey Epimakhov (77, 78) , Natalia Ya Berezina , Natalia Roslyakova (76) , Pavel A Kosintsev (78, 79) , Pavel F Kuznetsov (76) , David Anthony (80) , Guus J Kroonen (12) , Kristian Kristiansen (81) , Patrick Wincker (82) , Alan Outram (55) , Ludovic Orlando (1)
1 LA - Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie
2 Abdul Wali Khan University
3 GENOSCOPE - Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry]
4 LBGB - Laboratoire de Bioinformatique pour la Génomique et la Biodiversité
5 UC Irvine - University of California [Irvine]
6 UC Santa Cruz - University of California [Santa Cruz]
7 HHMI - Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Santa Cruz]
8 Altai State University
9 RAS - Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow]
10 KSU - King Saud University [Riyadh]
11 University of Bamberg
12 UCPH - University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet
13 ArScAn - Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité
14 Ethnologie préhistorique
15 MHN - Museum d'Histoire Naturelle [Genève]
16 PACEA - De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie
17 UNIGE - Université de Genève = University of Geneva
18 RBINS - Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
19 PAN - Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences = Académie polonaise des sciences
20 UJ - Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University
21 University of Tartu
22 RAS - Russian Academy of Science
23 Tallinn University
24 CAS - Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague]
25 Romanian Academy
26 ELTE - Eötvös Loránd University
27 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
28 Curtin University
29 Academy of Sciences of Moldova
30 Archaeological Institute of America
31 AASPE - Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements
32 SPC RAS - St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
33 AARI - Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
34 Vetmeduni - University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna]
35 OeAW - Austrian Academy of Sciences
36 MPI-SHH - Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
37 University of Tübingen
38 HNHP - Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique
39 Lipetsk State Technical University [Lipetsk - Russia]
40 University of Colorado [Boulder]
41 Musée d'Anthropologie préhistorique de Monaco
42 MAS - Mongolian Academy of Sciences
43 Ulaanbaatar State University
44 KTU MANAS - Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University
45 National University of Mongolia
46 KU - University of Kansas [Lawrence]
47 CAU - Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel = Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel = Université Christian-Albrechts de Kiel
48 CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain]
49 UB - Universitat de Barcelona
50 Universitat de Lleida
51 UEX - Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura
52 Universitat Jaume I = Jaume I University
53 UCM - Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid]
54 NASU - National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
55 University of Exeter
56 NYU - New York University [New York]
57 KazNU - Al-Farabi Kazakh National University [Almaty]
58 Orenburg State University [Russia]
59 MSU - Lomonosov Moscow State University
60 KFU - Kazan Federal University
61 Georgian National Museum
62 Tbilisi State University
63 UNIMI - Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan
64 University of Tehran
65 Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig]
66 LMU - Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] = Ludwig Maximilians Universität München
67 University of Adelaide
68 UAM - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
69 DAI - German Archaeological Institute
70 University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam
71 IZW - Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research
72 HU Berlin - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin = Humboldt University of Berlin = Université Humboldt de Berlin
73 SNSB - Staatlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen Bayerns
74 Vilnius University [Vilnius]
75 UNC - University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill]
76 Samara State University
77 SUSU - South Ural State University
78 UB RAS - Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
79 UrFU - Ural Federal University [Ekaterinburg]
80 Harvard University
81 GU - Göteborgs Universitet = University of Gothenburg
82 UMR 8030 - Génomique métabolique
Antoine Fages
Tomasz Suchan
Andaine Seguin-Orlando
Clio Der Sarkissian
Alexey A Kovalev
Khaled a S Al-Rasheid
Urmas Saarma
Lembi Lōugas
Lubomír Peške
  • Fonction : Auteur
Roxana Dobrescu
  • Fonction : Auteur
Zsolt Gallina
  • Fonction : Auteur
Krisztina Somogyi
  • Fonction : Auteur
Erika Gál
Robin Bendrey
Christoph Schwall
William Taylor
Bazartseren Boldgiv
Turbat Tsagaan
Silvia Albizuri Canadell
Ma Pilar Iborra
Alexander Pryor
Hossein Davoudi
Tumur-Ochir Iderkhangai
  • Fonction : Auteur
Konstantin V Chugunov
  • Fonction : Auteur
Mikhail Sablin
Elina Ananyevskaya
Andrey Logvin
  • Fonction : Auteur
Irina Shevnina
  • Fonction : Auteur
Victor Logvin
  • Fonction : Auteur
Saule Kalieva
Valeriy Loman
Igor Kukushkin
  • Fonction : Auteur
Ilya Merz
  • Fonction : Auteur
Victor Merz
  • Fonction : Auteur
Sergazy Sakenov
  • Fonction : Auteur
Victor Varfolomeyev
  • Fonction : Auteur
Emma Usmanova
  • Fonction : Auteur
Andrey B Belinskiy
  • Fonction : Auteur
Alexej Kalmykov
  • Fonction : Auteur
Sabine Reinhold
Aleksandr I Yudin
  • Fonction : Auteur
Natalia Ya Berezina
  • Fonction : Auteur
Natalia Roslyakova
David Anthony
  • Fonction : Auteur
Patrick Wincker
Alan Outram
Ludovic Orlando

Résumé

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare 1 . However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling 2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc 3 . Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia 5 and Anatolia 6 , have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc , synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association 7 between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc 8,9 driving the spread of Indo-European languages 10 . This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture 11,12 .

Domaines

Génétique
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Dates et versions

hal-03425363 , version 1 (28-11-2021)

Identifiants

Citer

Pablo Librado, Naveed Khan, Antoine Fages, Mariya A Kusliy, Tomasz Suchan, et al.. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes. Nature, 2021, 598 (7882), pp.634-640. ⟨10.1038/s41586-021-04018-9⟩. ⟨hal-03425363⟩
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