As of today, the risk assessment associated with nanomaterials and their degradation products is most often addressed in terms of (eco)toxicity of the pristine nano-ingredient embebbed within these materials. Even when acquired properly in terms of doses and characterization efforts, these data barely represent the tip of the iceberg. Such a strategy is ill-adapted to account for the variety of (chemical) situations encountered along the life cycle of a given product and the alterations of the matrix containing the nano-ingredient. Here, we propose to consider exposure to the nano-ingredient as a factor as important as its intrinsic toxicity for the risk assessment of the products in order to implement a safe by design approach. Actual everyday products, such as cosmetics and paints, will serve as examples, as developped in national- (Labex SERENADE) and international projects (Nanoreg, Nanoreg 2, Prosafe, EU-US CoR