%0 Journal Article %T Are petrous bones just a repository of ancient biomolecules? Investigating biosystematic signals in sheep petrous bones using 3D geometric morphometrics %+ Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE) %+ Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV) %+ ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient) %+ Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU) %+ International Livestock Research Institute [CGIAR, Ethiopie] (ILRI) %+ Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute; Adet Agricultural research center, P.O.BOX 08 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia %+ Addis Ababa University (AAU) %+ Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB) %+ Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Multimodal Et Pluridisciplinaire en imagerie du vivant (CERMEP - imagerie du vivant) %+ University of Tehran %+ Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM) %+ University of Nottingham, UK (UON) %+ Lumière University Lyon 2 (ArchéOrient), Lyon, France %A Bader, Camille %A Mallet, Christophe %A Chahoud, Jwana %A Amane, Agraw %A de Cupere, Bea %A Berthon, Remi %A Lavenne, Franck %A Mohaseb, Azadeh %A Davoudi, Hossein %A Albesso, Moussab %A Fathi, Homa %A Vuillien, Manon %A Lesur, Joséphine %A Helmer, Daniel %A Gourichon, Lionel %A Hanotte, Olivier %A Mashkour, Marjan %A Vila, Emmanuelle %A Cucchi, Thomas %Z Modern Osteological Collection preparation were funded by : Evosheep ANR for Lebanese Breed; theCGIAR Livestock CRP and Evosheep ANR for Ethiopian Breeds; Fyssen Foundation for Iranian breeds. We specially thank the following people and institutions for their logistical help and support; in Lebanon : the General Direction of Antiquity, Lebanese University. In Ethiopia : Shanbel Besufkad and Derib Aydefruhim (Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Center); Adebabay Kebede (Bahir Dar Regional Animal Health Laboratory); Zinash Abedde Lemma (ARCCH, Addis Abeba); C. Ménard (CFEE Addis Abeba); Bonga Agricultural Research Center; Guba & Almeha office of Agriculture. In Iran: the Bioarchaeology Laboratory-Central Laboratory, University of Tehran. In France: L. Zimmer (CERMEP, Lyon); M. Keller (INRA/CNRS). %< avec comité de lecture %@ 2352-409X %J Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports %I Elsevier %V 43 %P 103447 %8 2022-06 %D 2022 %R 10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103447 %K Zooarchaeology %K Bones morphometrics %K Domestication %K 3D imaging %Z Humanities and Social SciencesJournal articles %X Over the last decade, the petrous bone (petrosum) has become the ultimate repository of ancient biomolecules, leading to a plea for a more ethical curation preventing the systematic destruction of this bioarchaeological archive. Here, we propose to explore the biosystematic signal encompassed in the biological form of 152 petrosa from modern populations of wild and domestic sheep landraces/breeds across Western Europe, South-Western Asia and Africa, using high resolution geometric morphometrics (GMM) and the latest development in 3D virtual morphology. We assessed the taxonomic signals among wild and domestic caprine species and sheep landraces. We also explored the effect of sexual dimorphism and ageing at the population scale. Finally, we assessed the influence of climatic factors across the geographic distribution of our dataset using Köppen-Geiger climate categories. We found that the 3D form of petrous bones can accurately separate wild and domestic caprine taxa and that it is not influenced by sexual dimorphism, post-natal ageing or horn bearing. Recent selective breeding has not induced sufficient diversification to allow accurate identification of the different landraces/breeds in sheep ; however, both genetic distance and climatic differences across the current distribution in sheep landraces/breeds strongly contribute to petrosum intraspecific variation. Finally, human mediated dispersal of domestic sheep outside their Near Eastern cradle, especially towards Africa, have greatly contributed to the diversification of sheep petrous bone form and shape. We therefore highly recommend systematic 3D surface modelling of archaeological petrosa with preliminary GMM studies to help target and reduce destructive biomolecular studies. %G English %2 https://hal.science/hal-03806416/document %2 https://hal.science/hal-03806416/file/Bader_PetrousBone_JASReport_2022.pdf %L hal-03806416 %U https://hal.science/hal-03806416 %~ SHS %~ UNIV-ST-ETIENNE %~ UNICE %~ MNHN %~ HCL %~ UGA %~ CNRS %~ UNIV-LYON1 %~ UNIV-LYON2 %~ CEPAM %~ ARCHEORIENT %~ MOM %~ UNIV-COTEDAZUR %~ LYON2 %~ UDL %~ UNIV-LYON %~ UGA-EPE %~ ANR %~ AASPE %~ ALLIANCE-SU