%0 Journal Article %T Twice daily low frequency rTMS for treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations %+ Psychiatric Disorders, Neuroscience Research and Clinical Research (PSYR2) %+ Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron] %A Brunelin, Jerome %A Galvao, Filipe %A Mondino, Marine %< avec comité de lecture %@ 1697-2600 %J International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology %I Asociación Española de Psicología Conductual (AEPC) %V 23 %N 1 %P 100344 %8 2023 %D 2023 %R 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100344 %M 36299491 %K rTMS %K Schizophrenia %K Hallucination %K Clozapine %Z Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental healthJournal articles %X Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a therapeutic solution in patients with treatment-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations. However, the optimal stimulation parameters remain unclear, especially for patients with clozapine-resistant symptoms. Method: In an open label retrospective study, we investigated whether parameters of stimulation that were useful in patients with major depressive disorder would help schizophrenia patients with treatment-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations. Fourteen participants, including 9 under clozapine, received 30 sessions of 1 Hz rTMS over 3 weeks (360 pulses per sessions delivered with 60 s 'on' and 30 s 'off' at 110% of the resting motor threshold, 2 sessions per day). Stimulations were applied over the left temporoparietal junction (T3-P3 according to 10/20 system). Results: After rTMS, a significant decrease of auditory verbal hallucinations was observed (À38.7% § 31.8, p = 0.003) on the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale. The beneficial effects were also significant in the 9 patients who were also receiving clozapine (À34.9% § 28.4, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Low frequency rTMS, 30 sessions over 3 weeks, appears to be a suitable approach to decrease treatment-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations, including in patients with clozapine-resistant symptoms. Results from the current retrospective study in the clinical settings need to be confirmed by large-scale randomized sham-controlled trials. %G English %2 https://hal.science/hal-03862836/document %2 https://hal.science/hal-03862836/file/1-s2.0-S1697260022000527-main.pdf %L hal-03862836 %U https://hal.science/hal-03862836 %~ INSERM %~ UNIV-ST-ETIENNE %~ CNRS %~ UNIV-LYON1 %~ UDL %~ UNIV-LYON %~ CRNL %~ PSYR2_CRNL