Euclid preparation: I. The Euclid Wide Survey
R. Scaramella
(1)
,
J. Amiaux
(2)
,
Y. Mellier
(2)
,
C. Burigana
(3)
,
C. S. Carvalho
(4)
,
J. -C. Cuillandre
,
A. da Silva
,
A. Derosa
,
J. Dinis
,
E. Maiorano
,
M. Maris
,
I. Tereno
,
R. Laureijs
,
T. Boenke
,
G. Buenadicha
,
X. Dupac
,
L. M. Gaspar Venancio
,
P. Gómez-Álvarez
,
J. Hoar
,
J. Lorenzo Alvarez
,
G. D. Racca
,
G. Saavedra-Criado
,
J. Schwartz
,
R. Vavrek
,
M. Schirmer
,
H. Aussel
,
R. Azzollini
,
V. F. Cardone
,
M. Cropper
,
A. Ealet
,
B. Garilli
,
W. Gillard
,
B. R. Granett
,
L. Guzzo
,
H. Hoekstra
,
K. Jahnke
,
T. Kitching
,
M. Meneghetti
,
L. Miller
,
R. Nakajima
,
S. M. Niemi
,
F. Pasian
,
W. J. Percival
,
M. Sauvage
,
M. Scodeggio
,
S. Wachter
,
A. Zacchei
,
N. Aghanim
,
A. Amara
,
T. Auphan
,
N. Auricchio
,
S. Awan
,
A. Balestra
,
R. Bender
,
C. Bodendorf
,
D. Bonino
,
E. Branchini
,
S. Brau-Nogue
,
M. Brescia
,
G. P. Candini
,
V. Capobianco
,
C. Carbone
,
R. G. Carlberg
,
J. Carretero
,
R. Casas
,
F. J. Castander
,
M. Castellano
,
S. Cavuoti
,
A. Cimatti
,
R. Cledassou
,
G. Congedo
,
C. J. Conselice
,
L. Conversi
,
Y. Copin
,
L. Corcione
,
A. Costille
,
F. Courbin
,
H. Degaudenzi
,
M. Douspis
,
F. Dubath
,
C. A. J. Duncan
,
S. Dusini
,
S. Farrens
,
S. Ferriol
,
P. Fosalba
,
N. Fourmanoit
,
M. Frailis
,
E. Franceschi
,
P. Franzetti
,
M. Fumana
,
B. Gillis
,
C. Giocoli
,
A. Grazian
,
F. Grupp
,
S. V. H. Haugan
,
W. Holmes
,
F. Hormuth
,
P. Hudelot
,
S. Kermiche
,
A. Kiessling
,
M. Kilbinger
,
R. Kohley
,
B. Kubik
,
M. Kümmel
,
M. Kunz
,
H. Kurki-Suonio
,
S. Ligori
,
P. B. Lilje
,
I. Lloro
,
O. Mansutti
,
O. Marggraf
,
K. Markovic
,
F. Marulli
,
R. Massey
,
S. Maurogordato
(5)
,
M. Melchior
,
E. Merlin
,
G. Meylan
,
J. J. Mohr
,
M. Moresco
,
B. Morin
,
L. Moscardini
,
E. Munari
,
R. C. Nichol
,
C. Padilla
,
S. Paltani
,
J. Peacock
,
K. Pedersen
,
V. Pettorino
,
S. Pires
,
M. Poncet
,
L. Popa
,
L. Pozzetti
,
F. Raison
,
R. Rebolo
,
J. Rhodes
,
H. -W. Rix
,
M. Roncarelli
,
E. Rossetti
,
R. Saglia
,
P. Schneider
,
T. Schrabback
,
A. Secroun
,
G. Seidel
,
S. Serrano
,
C. Sirignano
,
G. Sirri
,
J. Skottfelt
,
L. Stanco
,
J. L. Starck
,
P. Tallada-Crespí
,
D. Tavagnacco
,
A. N. Taylor
,
H. I. Teplitz
,
R. Toledo-Moreo
,
F. Torradeflot
,
M. Trifoglio
,
E. A. Valentijn
,
L. Valenziano
,
G. A. Verdoes Kleijn
,
Y. Wang
,
N. Welikala
,
J. Weller
,
M. Wetzstein
,
G. Zamorani
,
J. Zoubian
,
S. Andreon
,
M. Baldi
,
S. Bardelli
,
A. Boucaud
,
S. Camera
,
G. Fabbian
,
R. Farinelli
,
J. Graciá-Carpio
,
D. Maino
,
E. Medinaceli
,
S. Mei
,
C. Neissner
,
G. Polenta
,
A. Renzi
,
E. Romelli
,
C. Rosset
,
F. Sureau
,
M. Tenti
,
T. Vassallo
,
E. Zucca
,
C. Baccigalupi
,
A. Balaguera-Antolínez
,
P. Battaglia
,
A. Biviano
,
S. Borgani
,
E. Bozzo
,
R. Cabanac
,
A. Cappi
,
S. Casas
,
G. Castignani
,
C. Colodro-Conde
,
J. Coupon
,
H. M. Courtois
,
J. Cuby
,
S. de La Torre
,
S. Desai
,
D. Di Ferdinando
,
H. Dole
,
M. Fabricius
,
M. Farina
,
P. G. Ferreira
,
F. Finelli
,
P. Flose-Reimberg
,
S. Fotopoulou
,
S. Galeotta
,
K. Ganga
,
G. Gozaliasl
,
I. M. Hook
,
E. Keihanen
,
C. C. Kirkpatrick
,
P. Liebing
,
V. Lindholm
,
G. Mainetti
,
M. Martinelli
,
N. Martinet
,
M. Maturi
,
H. J. Mccracken
,
R. B. Metcalf
,
G. Morgante
,
J. Nightingale
,
A. Nucita
,
L. Patrizii
,
D. Potter
,
G. Riccio
,
A. G. Sánchez
,
D. Sapone
,
J. A. Schewtschenko
,
M. Schultheis
,
V. Scottez
,
R. Teyssier
,
I. Tutusaus
,
J. Valiviita
,
M. Viel
,
W. Vriend
,
L. Whittaker
J. -C. Cuillandre
- Function : Author
A. da Silva
- Function : Author
A. Derosa
- Function : Author
J. Dinis
- Function : Author
E. Maiorano
- Function : Author
M. Maris
- Function : Author
I. Tereno
- Function : Author
R. Laureijs
- Function : Author
T. Boenke
- Function : Author
G. Buenadicha
- Function : Author
X. Dupac
- Function : Author
L. M. Gaspar Venancio
- Function : Author
P. Gómez-Álvarez
- Function : Author
J. Hoar
- Function : Author
J. Lorenzo Alvarez
- Function : Author
G. D. Racca
- Function : Author
G. Saavedra-Criado
- Function : Author
J. Schwartz
- Function : Author
R. Vavrek
- Function : Author
M. Schirmer
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760043
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2568-9994
H. Aussel
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 178304
- IdHAL : haussel
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1371-5705
- IdRef : 253124654
R. Azzollini
- Function : Author
V. F. Cardone
- Function : Author
M. Cropper
- Function : Author
A. Ealet
- Function : Author
B. Garilli
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755663
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7455-8750
- IdRef : 170321126
W. Gillard
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1159625
- IdHAL : william-gillard
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4744-9748
- IdRef : 129220787
B. R. Granett
- Function : Author
L. Guzzo
- Function : Author
H. Hoekstra
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759828
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0641-3231
K. Jahnke
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755700
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3804-2137
T. Kitching
- Function : Author
M. Meneghetti
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759266
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1225-7084
- IdRef : 235928291
L. Miller
- Function : Author
R. Nakajima
- Function : Author
S. M. Niemi
- Function : Author
F. Pasian
- Function : Author
W. J. Percival
- Function : Author
M. Sauvage
- Function : Author
M. Scodeggio
- Function : Author
S. Wachter
- Function : Author
A. Zacchei
- Function : Author
N. Aghanim
- Function : Author
A. Amara
- Function : Author
T. Auphan
- Function : Author
N. Auricchio
- Function : Author
S. Awan
- Function : Author
A. Balestra
- Function : Author
R. Bender
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759196
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7179-0626
C. Bodendorf
- Function : Author
D. Bonino
- Function : Author
E. Branchini
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759617
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0808-6908
S. Brau-Nogue
- Function : Author
M. Brescia
- Function : Author
G. P. Candini
- Function : Author
V. Capobianco
- Function : Author
C. Carbone
- Function : Author
R. G. Carlberg
- Function : Author
J. Carretero
- Function : Author
R. Casas
- Function : Author
F. J. Castander
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755626
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7316-4573
M. Castellano
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755152
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9875-8263
S. Cavuoti
- Function : Author
A. Cimatti
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 786030
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4409-5633
R. Cledassou
- Function : Author
G. Congedo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 766465
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2508-0046
C. J. Conselice
- Function : Author
L. Conversi
- Function : Author
Y. Copin
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 48
- IdHAL : yannick-copin
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5317-7518
- IdRef : 15009728X
L. Corcione
- Function : Author
A. Costille
- Function : Author
F. Courbin
- Function : Author
H. Degaudenzi
- Function : Author
M. Douspis
- Function : Author
F. Dubath
- Function : Author
C. A. J. Duncan
- Function : Author
S. Dusini
- Function : Author
S. Farrens
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 791647
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9594-9387
S. Ferriol
- Function : Author
P. Fosalba
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755449
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1510-5214
N. Fourmanoit
- Function : Author
M. Frailis
- Function : Author
E. Franceschi
- Function : Author
P. Franzetti
- Function : Author
M. Fumana
- Function : Author
B. Gillis
- Function : Author
C. Giocoli
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 766463
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9590-7961
A. Grazian
- Function : Author
F. Grupp
- Function : Author
S. V. H. Haugan
- Function : Author
W. Holmes
- Function : Author
F. Hormuth
- Function : Author
P. Hudelot
- Function : Author
S. Kermiche
- Function : Author
A. Kiessling
- Function : Author
M. Kilbinger
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760762
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9513-7138
- IdRef : 231841981
R. Kohley
- Function : Author
B. Kubik
- Function : Author
M. Kümmel
- Function : Author
M. Kunz
- Function : Author
H. Kurki-Suonio
- Function : Author
S. Ligori
- Function : Author
P. B. Lilje
- Function : Author
I. Lloro
- Function : Author
O. Mansutti
- Function : Author
O. Marggraf
- Function : Author
K. Markovic
- Function : Author
F. Marulli
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 766464
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8850-0303
R. Massey
- Function : Author
S. Maurogordato
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 178924
- IdHAL : sophie-maurogordato
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5477-8454
- IdRef : 033990018
M. Melchior
- Function : Author
E. Merlin
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 776830
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6870-8900
G. Meylan
- Function : Author
J. J. Mohr
- Function : Author
M. Moresco
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 761800
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7616-7136
B. Morin
- Function : Author
L. Moscardini
- Function : Author
E. Munari
- Function : Author
R. C. Nichol
- Function : Author
C. Padilla
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 791235
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7951-0166
S. Paltani
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755532
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8108-9179
J. Peacock
- Function : Author
K. Pedersen
- Function : Author
V. Pettorino
- Function : Author
S. Pires
- Function : Author
M. Poncet
- Function : Author
L. Popa
- Function : Author
L. Pozzetti
- Function : Author
F. Raison
- Function : Author
R. Rebolo
- Function : Author
J. Rhodes
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755435
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4485-8549
H. -W. Rix
- Function : Author
M. Roncarelli
- Function : Author
E. Rossetti
- Function : Author
R. Saglia
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759894
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0378-7032
P. Schneider
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755611
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5094-2245
T. Schrabback
- Function : Author
A. Secroun
- Function : Author
G. Seidel
- Function : Author
S. Serrano
- Function : Author
C. Sirignano
- Function : Author
G. Sirri
- Function : Author
J. Skottfelt
- Function : Author
L. Stanco
- Function : Author
J. L. Starck
- Function : Author
P. Tallada-Crespí
- Function : Author
D. Tavagnacco
- Function : Author
A. N. Taylor
- Function : Author
H. I. Teplitz
- Function : Author
R. Toledo-Moreo
- Function : Author
F. Torradeflot
- Function : Author
M. Trifoglio
- Function : Author
E. A. Valentijn
- Function : Author
L. Valenziano
- Function : Author
G. A. Verdoes Kleijn
- Function : Author
Y. Wang
- Function : Author
N. Welikala
- Function : Author
J. Weller
- Function : Author
M. Wetzstein
- Function : Author
G. Zamorani
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755662
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2318-301X
- IdRef : 190956429
J. Zoubian
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 753544
- IdHAL : julien-zoubian
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1962-9805
- IdRef : 170320561
S. Andreon
- Function : Author
M. Baldi
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759882
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4145-1943
S. Bardelli
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755650
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8900-0298
A. Boucaud
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 178154
- IdHAL : aboucaud
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7387-2633
S. Camera
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 766641
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3399-3574
G. Fabbian
- Function : Author
R. Farinelli
- Function : Author
J. Graciá-Carpio
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 797766
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4689-3134
D. Maino
- Function : Author
E. Medinaceli
- Function : Author
S. Mei
- Function : Author
C. Neissner
- Function : Author
G. Polenta
- Function : Author
A. Renzi
- Function : Author
E. Romelli
- Function : Author
C. Rosset
- Function : Author
F. Sureau
- Function : Author
M. Tenti
- Function : Author
T. Vassallo
- Function : Author
E. Zucca
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755651
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5845-8132
C. Baccigalupi
- Function : Author
A. Balaguera-Antolínez
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 797765
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5028-3035
P. Battaglia
- Function : Author
A. Biviano
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755569
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0857-0732
- IdRef : 233130799
S. Borgani
- Function : Author
E. Bozzo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 765668
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7504-7423
R. Cabanac
- Function : Author
A. Cappi
- Function : Author
S. Casas
- Function : Author
G. Castignani
- Function : Author
C. Colodro-Conde
- Function : Author
J. Coupon
- Function : Author
H. M. Courtois
- Function : Author
J. Cuby
- Function : Author
S. de La Torre
- Function : Author
S. Desai
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D. Di Ferdinando
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H. Dole
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M. Fabricius
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M. Farina
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P. G. Ferreira
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F. Finelli
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- PersonId : 755277
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9160-4840
P. Flose-Reimberg
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 184264
- IdHAL : phreimberg
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3410-0280
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S. Fotopoulou
- Function : Author
S. Galeotta
- Function : Author
K. Ganga
- Function : Author
G. Gozaliasl
- Function : Author
I. M. Hook
- Function : Author
E. Keihanen
- Function : Author
C. C. Kirkpatrick
- Function : Author
P. Liebing
- Function : Author
V. Lindholm
- Function : Author
G. Mainetti
- Function : Author
M. Martinelli
- Function : Author
N. Martinet
- Function : Author
M. Maturi
- Function : Author
H. J. Mccracken
- Function : Author
R. B. Metcalf
- Function : Author
G. Morgante
- Function : Author
J. Nightingale
- Function : Author
A. Nucita
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 757904
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7926-3481
L. Patrizii
- Function : Author
D. Potter
- Function : Author
G. Riccio
- Function : Author
A. G. Sánchez
- Function : Author
D. Sapone
- Function : Author
J. A. Schewtschenko
- Function : Author
M. Schultheis
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755581
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6590-1657
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V. Scottez
- Function : Author
R. Teyssier
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755250
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7689-0933
- IdRef : 120855941
I. Tutusaus
- Function : Author
J. Valiviita
- Function : Author
M. Viel
- Function : Author
W. Vriend
- Function : Author
L. Whittaker
- Function : Author
Abstract
Euclid is an ESA mission designed to constrain the properties of dark energy and gravity via weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering. It will carry out a wide area imaging and spectroscopy survey (EWS) in visible and near-infrared, covering roughly 15,000 square degrees of extragalactic sky on six years. The wide-field telescope and instruments are optimized for pristine PSF and reduced straylight, producing very crisp images. This paper presents the building of the Euclid reference survey: the sequence of pointings of EWS, Deep fields, Auxiliary fields for calibrations, and spacecraft movements followed by Euclid as it operates in a step-and-stare mode from its orbit around the Lagrange point L2. Each EWS pointing has four dithered frames; we simulate the dither pattern at pixel level to analyse the effective coverage. We use up-to-date models for the sky background to define the Euclid region-of-interest (RoI). The building of the reference survey is highly constrained from calibration cadences, spacecraft constraints and background levels; synergies with ground-based coverage are also considered. Via purposely-built software optimized to prioritize best sky areas, produce a compact coverage, and ensure thermal stability, we generate a schedule for the Auxiliary and Deep fields observations and schedule the RoI with EWS transit observations. The resulting reference survey RSD_2021A fulfills all constraints and is a good proxy for the final solution. Its wide survey covers 14,500 square degrees. The limiting AB magnitudes ($5\sigma$ point-like source) achieved in its footprint are estimated to be 26.2 (visible) and 24.5 (near-infrared); for spectroscopy, the H$_\alpha$ line flux limit is $2\times 10^{-16}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ at 1600 nm; and for diffuse emission the surface brightness limits are 29.8 (visible) and 28.4 (near-infrared) mag arcsec$^{-2}$.
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