Euclid preparation - I. The Euclid Wide Survey
R. Scaramella
,
J. Amiaux
(1)
,
Y. Mellier
(1, 2)
,
C. Burigana
(3)
,
C. Carvalho
(4)
,
J.-C. Cuillandre
(5)
,
A. da Silva
,
A. Derosa
,
J. Dinis
,
E. Maiorano
,
M. Maris
,
I. Tereno
,
R. Laureijs
,
T. Boenke
,
G. Buenadicha
(6)
,
X. Dupac
(7)
,
L. Gaspar Venancio
,
P. Gómez-Álvarez
,
J. Hoar
(6)
,
J. Lorenzo Alvarez
,
G. Racca
,
G. Saavedra-Criado
,
J. Schwartz
,
R. Vavrek
,
M. Schirmer
,
H. Aussel
,
R. Azzollini
,
V. Cardone
,
M. Cropper
,
A. Ealet
(8)
,
B. Garilli
,
W. Gillard
(9)
,
B. Granett
,
L. Guzzo
,
H. Hoekstra
,
K. Jahnke
,
T. Kitching
,
T. Maciaszek
,
M. Meneghetti
,
L. Miller
,
R. Nakajima
,
S. Niemi
,
F. Pasian
,
W. Percival
,
S. Pottinger
,
M. Sauvage
,
M. Scodeggio
,
S. Wachter
,
A. Zacchei
,
N. Aghanim
,
A. Amara
,
T. Auphan
(9)
,
N. Auricchio
,
S. Awan
,
A. Balestra
,
R. Bender
,
C. Bodendorf
,
D. Bonino
,
E. Branchini
,
S. Brau-Nogue
,
M. Brescia
,
G. Candini
,
V. Capobianco
,
C. Carbone
,
R. Carlberg
,
J. Carretero
,
R. Casas
,
F. Castander
,
M. Castellano
,
S. Cavuoti
,
A. Cimatti
,
R. Cledassou
(10)
,
G. Congedo
,
C. Conselice
,
L. Conversi
,
Y. Copin
(8)
,
L. Corcione
,
A. Costille
,
F. Courbin
,
H. Degaudenzi
,
M. Douspis
,
F. Dubath
,
C. Duncan
,
S. Dusini
,
S. Farrens
,
S. Ferriol
(8)
,
P. Fosalba
,
N. Fourmanoit
(8)
,
M. Frailis
,
E. Franceschi
,
P. Franzetti
,
M. Fumana
,
B. Gillis
,
C. Giocoli
,
A. Grazian
,
F. Grupp
,
S. Haugan
,
W. Holmes
,
F. Hormuth
,
P. Hudelot
,
S. Kermiche
(9)
,
A. Kiessling
,
M. Kilbinger
,
R. Kohley
,
B. Kubik
(8)
,
M. Kümmel
,
M. Kunz
,
H. Kurki-Suonio
,
O. Lahav
,
S. Ligori
,
P. Lilje
,
I. Lloro
,
O. Mansutti
,
O. Marggraf
,
K. Markovic
,
F. Marulli
,
R. Massey
,
S. Maurogordato
(11)
,
M. Melchior
,
E. Merlin
,
G. Meylan
,
J. Mohr
,
M. Moresco
,
B. Morin
,
L. Moscardini
,
E. Munari
,
R. Nichol
,
C. Padilla
,
S. Paltani
,
J. Peacock
,
K. Pedersen
,
V. Pettorino
,
S. Pires
,
M. Poncet
,
L. Popa
,
L. Pozzetti
,
F. Raison
,
R. Rebolo
,
J. Rhodes
,
H.-W. Rix
,
M. Roncarelli
,
E. Rossetti
,
R. Saglia
,
P. Schneider
,
T. Schrabback
,
A. Secroun
(9)
,
G. Seidel
,
S. Serrano
,
C. Sirignano
,
G. Sirri
,
J. Skottfelt
,
L. Stanco
,
J. Starck
,
P. Tallada-Crespí
,
D. Tavagnacco
,
A. Taylor
,
H. Teplitz
,
R. Toledo-Moreo
,
F. Torradeflot
,
M. Trifoglio
,
E. Valentijn
,
L. Valenziano
,
G. Verdoes Kleijn
,
Y. Wang
,
N. Welikala
,
J. Weller
,
M. Wetzstein
,
G. Zamorani
,
J. Zoubian
(9)
,
S. Andreon
,
M. Baldi
,
S. Bardelli
,
A. Boucaud
(12)
,
S. Camera
,
D. Di Ferdinando
,
G. Fabbian
,
R. Farinelli
,
S. Galeotta
,
J. Graciá-Carpio
,
D. Maino
,
E. Medinaceli
,
S. Mei
(12)
,
C. Neissner
,
G. Polenta
,
A. Renzi
,
E. Romelli
,
C. Rosset
(12)
,
F. Sureau
,
M. Tenti
,
T. Vassallo
,
E. Zucca
,
C. Baccigalupi
,
A. Balaguera-Antolínez
,
P. Battaglia
,
A. Biviano
,
S. Borgani
,
E. Bozzo
,
R. Cabanac
,
A. Cappi
,
S. Casas
,
G. Castignani
,
C. Colodro-Conde
,
J. Coupon
,
H. Courtois
(8)
,
J. Cuby
,
S. de la Torre
,
S. Desai
,
H. Dole
,
M. Fabricius
,
M. Farina
,
P. Ferreira
,
F. Finelli
,
P. Flose-Reimberg
,
S. Fotopoulou
,
K. Ganga
(12)
,
G. Gozaliasl
,
I. Hook
,
E. Keihanen
,
C. Kirkpatrick
,
P. Liebing
,
V. Lindholm
,
G. Mainetti
(13)
,
M. Martinelli
,
N. Martinet
(14)
,
M. Maturi
,
H. Mccracken
,
R. Metcalf
,
G. Morgante
,
J. Nightingale
,
A. Nucita
,
L. Patrizii
,
D. Potter
,
G. Riccio
,
A. Sánchez
,
D. Sapone
,
J. Schewtschenko
,
M. Schultheis
,
V. Scottez
,
R. Teyssier
,
I. Tutusaus
,
J. Valiviita
,
M. Viel
,
W. Vriend
,
L. Whittaker
1
IRFU -
Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
2 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
3 IASF-Bo - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Bologna
4 Université de Lisbonne
5 AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
6 ESAC - European Space Astronomy Centre
7 CESR - Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements
8 IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
9 CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille
10 IN2P3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS
11 LAGRANGE - Joseph Louis LAGRANGE
12 APC (UMR_7164) - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
13 CC-IN2P3 - Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3
14 LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
2 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
3 IASF-Bo - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Bologna
4 Université de Lisbonne
5 AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
6 ESAC - European Space Astronomy Centre
7 CESR - Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements
8 IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
9 CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille
10 IN2P3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS
11 LAGRANGE - Joseph Louis LAGRANGE
12 APC (UMR_7164) - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
13 CC-IN2P3 - Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3
14 LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
R. Scaramella
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1192066
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2229-193X
A. da Silva
- Function : Author
A. Derosa
- Function : Author
J. Dinis
- Function : Author
E. Maiorano
- Function : Author
M. Maris
- Function : Author
I. Tereno
- Function : Author
R. Laureijs
- Function : Author
T. Boenke
- Function : Author
L. Gaspar Venancio
- Function : Author
P. Gómez-Álvarez
- Function : Author
J. Lorenzo Alvarez
- Function : Author
G. Racca
- Function : Author
G. Saavedra-Criado
- Function : Author
J. Schwartz
- Function : Author
R. Vavrek
- Function : Author
M. Schirmer
- Function : Author
H. Aussel
- Function : Author
R. Azzollini
- Function : Author
V. Cardone
- Function : Author
M. Cropper
- Function : Author
B. Garilli
- Function : Author
B. Granett
- Function : Author
L. Guzzo
- Function : Author
H. Hoekstra
- Function : Author
K. Jahnke
- Function : Author
T. Kitching
- Function : Author
T. Maciaszek
- Function : Author
M. Meneghetti
- Function : Author
L. Miller
- Function : Author
R. Nakajima
- Function : Author
S. Niemi
- Function : Author
F. Pasian
- Function : Author
W. Percival
- Function : Author
S. Pottinger
- Function : Author
M. Sauvage
- Function : Author
M. Scodeggio
- Function : Author
S. Wachter
- Function : Author
A. Zacchei
- Function : Author
N. Aghanim
- Function : Author
A. Amara
- Function : Author
N. Auricchio
- Function : Author
S. Awan
- Function : Author
A. Balestra
- Function : Author
R. Bender
- Function : Author
C. Bodendorf
- Function : Author
D. Bonino
- Function : Author
E. Branchini
- Function : Author
S. Brau-Nogue
- Function : Author
M. Brescia
- Function : Author
G. Candini
- Function : Author
V. Capobianco
- Function : Author
C. Carbone
- Function : Author
R. Carlberg
- Function : Author
J. Carretero
- Function : Author
R. Casas
- Function : Author
F. Castander
- Function : Author
M. Castellano
- Function : Author
S. Cavuoti
- Function : Author
A. Cimatti
- Function : Author
G. Congedo
- Function : Author
C. Conselice
- Function : Author
L. Conversi
- Function : Author
L. Corcione
- Function : Author
A. Costille
- Function : Author
F. Courbin
- Function : Author
H. Degaudenzi
- Function : Author
M. Douspis
- Function : Author
F. Dubath
- Function : Author
C. Duncan
- Function : Author
S. Dusini
- Function : Author
S. Farrens
- Function : Author
P. Fosalba
- Function : Author
M. Frailis
- Function : Author
E. Franceschi
- Function : Author
P. Franzetti
- Function : Author
M. Fumana
- Function : Author
B. Gillis
- Function : Author
C. Giocoli
- Function : Author
A. Grazian
- Function : Author
F. Grupp
- Function : Author
S. Haugan
- Function : Author
W. Holmes
- Function : Author
F. Hormuth
- Function : Author
P. Hudelot
- Function : Author
A. Kiessling
- Function : Author
M. Kilbinger
- Function : Author
R. Kohley
- Function : Author
M. Kümmel
- Function : Author
M. Kunz
- Function : Author
H. Kurki-Suonio
- Function : Author
O. Lahav
- Function : Author
S. Ligori
- Function : Author
P. Lilje
- Function : Author
I. Lloro
- Function : Author
O. Mansutti
- Function : Author
O. Marggraf
- Function : Author
K. Markovic
- Function : Author
F. Marulli
- Function : Author
R. Massey
- Function : Author
S. Maurogordato
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 178924
- IdHAL : sophie-maurogordato
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5477-8454
- IdRef : 033990018
M. Melchior
- Function : Author
E. Merlin
- Function : Author
G. Meylan
- Function : Author
J. Mohr
- Function : Author
M. Moresco
- Function : Author
B. Morin
- Function : Author
L. Moscardini
- Function : Author
E. Munari
- Function : Author
R. Nichol
- Function : Author
C. Padilla
- Function : Author
S. Paltani
- Function : Author
J. Peacock
- Function : Author
K. Pedersen
- Function : Author
V. Pettorino
- Function : Author
S. Pires
- Function : Author
M. Poncet
- Function : Author
L. Popa
- Function : Author
L. Pozzetti
- Function : Author
F. Raison
- Function : Author
R. Rebolo
- Function : Author
J. Rhodes
- Function : Author
H.-W. Rix
- Function : Author
M. Roncarelli
- Function : Author
E. Rossetti
- Function : Author
R. Saglia
- Function : Author
P. Schneider
- Function : Author
T. Schrabback
- Function : Author
G. Seidel
- Function : Author
S. Serrano
- Function : Author
C. Sirignano
- Function : Author
G. Sirri
- Function : Author
J. Skottfelt
- Function : Author
L. Stanco
- Function : Author
J. Starck
- Function : Author
P. Tallada-Crespí
- Function : Author
D. Tavagnacco
- Function : Author
A. Taylor
- Function : Author
H. Teplitz
- Function : Author
R. Toledo-Moreo
- Function : Author
F. Torradeflot
- Function : Author
M. Trifoglio
- Function : Author
E. Valentijn
- Function : Author
L. Valenziano
- Function : Author
G. Verdoes Kleijn
- Function : Author
Y. Wang
- Function : Author
N. Welikala
- Function : Author
J. Weller
- Function : Author
M. Wetzstein
- Function : Author
G. Zamorani
- Function : Author
S. Andreon
- Function : Author
M. Baldi
- Function : Author
S. Bardelli
- Function : Author
S. Camera
- Function : Author
D. Di Ferdinando
- Function : Author
G. Fabbian
- Function : Author
R. Farinelli
- Function : Author
S. Galeotta
- Function : Author
J. Graciá-Carpio
- Function : Author
D. Maino
- Function : Author
E. Medinaceli
- Function : Author
C. Neissner
- Function : Author
G. Polenta
- Function : Author
A. Renzi
- Function : Author
E. Romelli
- Function : Author
F. Sureau
- Function : Author
M. Tenti
- Function : Author
T. Vassallo
- Function : Author
E. Zucca
- Function : Author
C. Baccigalupi
- Function : Author
A. Balaguera-Antolínez
- Function : Author
P. Battaglia
- Function : Author
A. Biviano
- Function : Author
S. Borgani
- Function : Author
E. Bozzo
- Function : Author
R. Cabanac
- Function : Author
A. Cappi
- Function : Author
S. Casas
- Function : Author
G. Castignani
- Function : Author
C. Colodro-Conde
- Function : Author
J. Coupon
- Function : Author
J. Cuby
- Function : Author
S. de la Torre
- Function : Author
S. Desai
- Function : Author
H. Dole
- Function : Author
M. Fabricius
- Function : Author
M. Farina
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P. Ferreira
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F. Finelli
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P. Flose-Reimberg
- Function : Author
S. Fotopoulou
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G. Gozaliasl
- Function : Author
I. Hook
- Function : Author
E. Keihanen
- Function : Author
C. Kirkpatrick
- Function : Author
P. Liebing
- Function : Author
V. Lindholm
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M. Martinelli
- Function : Author
M. Maturi
- Function : Author
H. Mccracken
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R. Metcalf
- Function : Author
G. Morgante
- Function : Author
J. Nightingale
- Function : Author
A. Nucita
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L. Patrizii
- Function : Author
D. Potter
- Function : Author
G. Riccio
- Function : Author
A. Sánchez
- Function : Author
D. Sapone
- Function : Author
J. Schewtschenko
- Function : Author
M. Schultheis
- Function : Author
V. Scottez
- Function : Author
R. Teyssier
- Function : Author
I. Tutusaus
- Function : Author
J. Valiviita
- Function : Author
M. Viel
- Function : Author
W. Vriend
- Function : Author
L. Whittaker
- Function : Author
Abstract
Euclid is a mission of the European Space Agency that is designed to constrain the properties of dark energy and gravity via weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering. It will carry out a wide area imaging and spectroscopy survey (the Euclid Wide Survey: EWS) in visible and near-infrared bands, covering approximately 15 000 deg 2 of extragalactic sky in six years. The wide-field telescope and instruments are optimised for pristine point spread function and reduced stray light, producing very crisp images. This paper presents the building of the Euclid reference survey: the sequence of pointings of EWS, deep fields, and calibration fields, as well as spacecraft movements followed by Euclid as it operates in a step-and-stare mode from its orbit around the Lagrange point L2. Each EWS pointing has four dithered frames; we simulated the dither pattern at the pixel level to analyse the effective coverage. We used up-to-date models for the sky background to define the Euclid region-of-interest (RoI). The building of the reference survey is highly constrained from calibration cadences, spacecraft constraints, and background levels; synergies with ground-based coverage were also considered. Via purposely built software, we first generated a schedule for the calibrations and deep fields observations. On a second stage, the RoI was tiled and scheduled with EWS observations, using an algorithm optimised to prioritise the best sky areas, produce a compact coverage, and ensure thermal stability. The result is the optimised reference survey RSD_2021A, which fulfils all constraints and is a good proxy for the final solution. The current EWS covers ≈14 500 deg 2 . The limiting AB magnitudes (5 σ point-like source) achieved in its footprint are estimated to be 26.2 (visible band I E ) and 24.5 (for near infrared bands Y E , J E , H E ); for spectroscopy, the H α line flux limit is 2 × 10 −16 erg −1 cm −2 s −1 at 1600 nm; and for diffuse emission, the surface brightness limits are 29.8 (visible band) and 28.4 (near infrared bands) mag arcsec −2 .
Origin : Publisher files allowed on an open archive
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