Validation of Methane and Carbon Monoxide from Sentinel-5 Precursor using TCCON and NDACC-IRWG stations
Mahesh Kumar Sha
(1)
,
Bavo Langerock
(1)
,
Jean-François L Blavier
(2)
,
Thomas Blumenstock
(3)
,
Tobias Borsdorff
(4)
,
Matthias Buschmann
(5)
,
Angelika Dehn
(6, 7)
,
Martine de Mazière
(1)
,
Nicholas M Deutscher
(8)
,
Dietrich G Feist
(9, 10, 11)
,
Omaira E García
(12)
,
David W T Griffith
(8)
,
Michel Grutter
(13)
,
James W Hannigan
(14)
,
Frank Hase
(3)
,
Pauli Heikkinen
(15)
,
Christian Hermans
(1)
,
Laura T Iraci
(16)
,
Pascal Jeseck
(17)
,
Nicholas Jones
(8)
,
Rigel Kivi
,
Nicolas Kumps
(1)
,
Jochen Landgraf
(4)
,
Alba Lorente
(4)
,
Emmanuel Mahieu
(18)
,
Maria V Makarova
(19)
,
Johan Mellqvist
(20)
,
Jean-Marc Metzger
(21)
,
Isamu Morino
(22)
,
Tomoo Nagahama
(23)
,
Justus Notholt
(5)
,
Hirofumi Ohyama
(22)
,
Ivan Ortega
(14)
,
Mathias Palm
(5)
,
Christof Petri
(5)
,
David F Pollard
(24)
,
Markus Rettinger
(25)
,
John Robinson
(24)
,
Sébastien Roche
(26, 27)
,
Coleen M Roehl
(28)
,
Amelie N Röhling
(3)
,
Constantina Rousogenous
(29)
,
Matthias Schneider
(3)
,
Kei Shiomi
(30)
,
Dan Smale
(24)
,
Wolfgang Stremme
(13)
,
Kimberly Strong
(26, 27)
,
Ralf Sussmann
(25)
,
Yao Té
(17)
,
Osamu Uchino
(22)
,
Voltaire A Velazco
(8)
,
Corinne Vigouroux
(1)
,
Mihalis Vrekoussis
(5)
,
Pucai Wang
(31, 32)
,
Thorsten Warneke
(5)
,
Tyler Wizenberg
(26, 27)
,
Debra Wunch
,
Shoma Yamanouchi
(26, 27)
,
Yang Yang
(1, 31)
,
Minqiang Zhou
(1)
1
BIRA-IASB -
Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique
2 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
3 IMK-ASF - Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Spurengase und Fernerkundung
4 SRON - SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
5 IUP - Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen]
6 ESA - Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency
7 ESRIN - ESA Centre for Earth Observation
8 CAC - Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry [Wollongong]
9 LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
10 DLR - Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling]
11 MPIB - Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie = Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry
12 IARC - Izaña Atmospheric Research Center
13 Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico]
14 NCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder]
15 Finnish Meteorological Institute Observation Services
16 ARC - NASA Ames Research Center
17 LERMA (UMR_8112) - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères
18 Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège]
19 Department of Atmospheric Physics [St Petersburg]
20 Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Göteborg]
21 OSU-Réunion - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion
22 NIES - National Institute for Environmental Studies
23 ISEE - Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research [Nagoya]
24 NIWA - National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder]
25 IMK-IFU - Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung
26 Department of Physics, University of Toronto
27 University of Toronto
28 Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena]
29 Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, 2121, Cyprus
30 EORC - Earth Observation Research Center [Saitama]
31 LAGEO - Laboratory for middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation
32 UCAS - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing]
2 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
3 IMK-ASF - Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Spurengase und Fernerkundung
4 SRON - SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
5 IUP - Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen]
6 ESA - Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency
7 ESRIN - ESA Centre for Earth Observation
8 CAC - Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry [Wollongong]
9 LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
10 DLR - Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling]
11 MPIB - Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie = Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry
12 IARC - Izaña Atmospheric Research Center
13 Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico]
14 NCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder]
15 Finnish Meteorological Institute Observation Services
16 ARC - NASA Ames Research Center
17 LERMA (UMR_8112) - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères
18 Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège]
19 Department of Atmospheric Physics [St Petersburg]
20 Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Göteborg]
21 OSU-Réunion - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion
22 NIES - National Institute for Environmental Studies
23 ISEE - Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research [Nagoya]
24 NIWA - National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder]
25 IMK-IFU - Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung
26 Department of Physics, University of Toronto
27 University of Toronto
28 Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena]
29 Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, 2121, Cyprus
30 EORC - Earth Observation Research Center [Saitama]
31 LAGEO - Laboratory for middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation
32 UCAS - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing]
Mahesh Kumar Sha
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Thomas Blumenstock
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Tobias Borsdorff
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Matthias Buschmann
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Nicholas M Deutscher
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David W T Griffith
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Michel Grutter
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James W Hannigan
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Laura T Iraci
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Rigel Kivi
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Alba Lorente
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Emmanuel Mahieu
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Maria V Makarova
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Isamu Morino
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Tomoo Nagahama
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Hirofumi Ohyama
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Ivan Ortega
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Mathias Palm
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Christof Petri
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David F Pollard
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Sébastien Roche
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Coleen M Roehl
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Amelie N Röhling
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Constantina Rousogenous
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Matthias Schneider
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Kei Shiomi
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Dan Smale
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Wolfgang Stremme
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Kimberly Strong
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Yao Té
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Voltaire A Velazco
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Mihalis Vrekoussis
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Tyler Wizenberg
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Debra Wunch
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Minqiang Zhou
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Abstract
The Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) mission with the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard has been measuring solar radiation backscattered by the Earth's atmosphere and its surface since its launch on 13 October 2017. Methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) data with a spatial resolution (initially 7 x 7 km2, upgraded to 5.5 x 7 km2 on 6th of August 2019) have been retrieved from shortwave infrared (SWIR) and near-infrared (NIR) measurements since the end of November 2017 and made available to the experts for early validation and quality checks before the official product release. In this paper, we present for the first time the S5P CH4 and CO validation results (covering a period from November 2017 to September 2020) using global Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and Infrared Working Group of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC-IRWG) network data, accounting for a priori alignment and smoothing uncertainties in the validation, and testing the sensitivity of validation results towards the application of advanced co-location criteria.We found that the required bias (systematic error) of 1.5 % and random error of 1 % for the S5P standard and bias-corrected methane data are met for measurements over land surfaces with pixels having quality assurance (QA) value > 0.5. The systematic difference between the S5P standard XCH4 and TCCON data is on average −0.69 ± 0.73 %. The systematic difference changes to a value of −0.25 ± 0.57 % for the S5P bias-corrected XCH4 data. We found a correlation of above 0.6 for most stations, which is mostly dominated by the seasonal cycle. The contributions of smoothing uncertainty at the individual stations are estimated and found to be dependent on the location. The highest contribution of the smoothing uncertainty is observed for mid-latitude TCCON stations and high latitude stations for NDACC. A seasonal dependency of the relative bias is seen. We observe a high bias during the springtime measurements at high SZA and a decreasing bias with increasing SZA for the rest of the year.We found that the required bias (systematic error) of 15 % and random error of < 10 % for the S5P carbon monoxide data are met in general for measurements over all surfaces with pixels having quality assurance value of > 0.5. There are a few stations where this is not the case, mostly due to co-location mismatches and the limited availability of co-located data. We compared the S5P XCO data with respect to standard TCCON XCO and unscaled TCCON XCO (without application of the empirical scaling factor) data sets. The systematic difference between the S5P XCO and the TCCON data is on average 9.14 ± 3.33 % (standard TCCON XCO data) and 2.36 ± 3.22 % (unscaled TCCON XCO data). We found that the systematic difference between the S5P CO column and NDACC CO column data (excluding two stations that were obvious outliers) is on average 6.44 ± 3.79 %. We found a correlation of above 0.9 for most TCCON and NDACC stations indicating that the temporal variations in CO column captured by the ground-based instruments are reproduced very similarly by the S5P CO column. The contribution of smoothing uncertainty at the individual stations is estimated and found to be significant. They are found to be dependent on the location with large changes seen for stations located in the Southern Hemisphere as compared to the Northern Hemisphere and at highly polluted stations. A cone co-location criterion, which gives a better match between the ground-based instrument's line-of-sight and satellite pixels, seems to give better results for high latitude stations and stations located close to emission sources. The validation results for the clear-sky and cloud cases of S5P pixels are comparable to the validation results including all pixels with quality assurance value of > 0.5. We observe that the relative bias increases with increasing SZA. We estimated this increase is about 10 % over the complete range of measurement SZAs.The study shows the high quality of S5P CH4 and CO data by validating the products against reference global TCCON and NDACC stations covering a wide range of latitudinal bands, atmospheric conditions, and surface conditions.
Domains
Physics [physics]
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Licence : CC BY - Attribution
Licence : CC BY - Attribution