This Research Topic, hosted by Frontiers in Earth Science, responds to the eighth “From Atom to Earth” Symposium on High-Pressure Science and Earth Science, held at the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGCAS), Guiyang, China between July 2 and 5, 2021. Professor Lidong Dai from the IGCAS Key Laboratory of High-temperature and High-pressure Study of the Earth’s Interior (HTHPSEI) was the conference president. Since 2007, this symposium has been organized as a major platform for Chinese scientists in the high-P research field to share their latest progress and discoveries in the field of physicochemical properties of minerals and rocks at high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. This time, 156 Chinese scholars and researchers from Peking University, Nanjing University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc., participated in the conference. Of these delegates, 65 gave oral presentations, and professors Xi Liu, Duanwei He, Lidong Dai, Chun-An Tang, and Zizheng Gong delivered conference speeches (Figure 1). As distinguished and invited delegates, professors Hongsen Xie and Heping Li attend this conference. CAS Key Laboratory of HTHPSEI, together with IGCAS and the Chinese Society of Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry, provided the conference service.