browse-meta - Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne

Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme " Investissements d'avenir " portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01. This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX-93-01. 91

Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01. This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX_93-01 58

Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01.This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX_93-01. 41

Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01.This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10-LABX-93-01. 30

Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01.This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10—LABX-93-01. 14

" Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme " Investissements d'avenir " portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01". "This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX-93-01" 5

EFSA-Q-2015-00390 4

This work was achieved through the Laboratory of Excellence on Financial Regulation (Labex ReFi) supported by PRES heSam under the reference ANR-10-LABX-0095. 4

ANR 3

DARES 3

Financement conjoint de l'Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME) et de la Ville de Paris. 3

Institut de recherche en santé publique (IRESP) / Agence nationale de recherche (ANR) 3

Projet coordonnée par le Bureau International du Travail et cofinancé par la Commission Européenne 3

contrat co-financé par la CNAF et l'Université Paris 1 3

financements CNAF et Université Paris 1 3

ANR JC-JC 05 2

CNAF 2

CNRS 2

Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01.
This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10-LABX-93-01. 2

Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du laboratoire d’excellence ReFi porté par le Pres heSam, portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-0095. Ce travail a bénéficié d’une aide de l’État gérée par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du projet Investissements d’Avenir Paris Nouveaux Mondes portant la référence n° ANR-11-IDEX-0006-02. 2

Cet article fait partie un programme de recherche financé par le Commissariat général du Plan contrat 98-04 2

Commission européenne 2

Conseil Régional de Lorraine 2

Dares 2

Financé par la Russell Sage Foundation, New-York 2

Horizon 2020 Programme, Research and Innovation Actions, 2015-2018. The QuInnE project is financed by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 Programme ‘EURO-2-2014 -The European growth agenda’, project reference number: 649497. 2

Labex Refi - Financial Regulation ESCP Europe 2

Ministère de la Santé, de la jeunesse, des sports et de la vie associative
Crédit Coopératif
Crédit Mutuel
France Active (Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations) 2

This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 803122) 2

We thank the Center for Health and Wellbeing at Princeton University for supporting this research and CépiDc for providing the data used in the analysis. Josselin Thuilliez benefited from a research fellowship at Princeton University and a Fulbright fellowship (2016–2017). 2

recherche financée par la Russell Sage Foundation 2

. QuInnE - Quality of jobs and Innovation generated Employment outcomes -is an interdisciplinary project investigating how job quality and innovation mutually impact each other, and the effects this has on job creation and the quality of these job. The project will run from April 2015 through July 2018. The QuInnE project is financed by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 Programme ‘EURO-2-2014 -The European growth agenda’, project reference number: 649497. 1

6e PCRD, priorité 7 "Citizen and Fovernance in a knowledge based society" projet ESTER 1

A slightly longer version of this text was initially released as a working paper CEPR DP 15852, March 2021. Financial support from LIEPP (ANR-11-LABX-0091, ANR-11-IDEX-0005–02) and NYUAD is gratefully acknowledged. In the paper, BC refers to Before Common Era (negative calendar years) and AD to Anno Domini (positive calendar years). 1

A. Bogomolnaia and H. Moulin acknowledge the support from the Basic Research Program of the National Research University Higher School of Economics. H. Moulin’s research was also supported by a Chaire Blaise Pascal of the Region Ile-de-France, 2020-21. 1

ACI Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche : Terrains, techniques, théories : travail interdisciplinaire en sciences humaines et sociales 1

ACI-CNRS Histoire des savoirs " L'équilibre général comme savoir, de Walras à nos jours " 1

ANR / IRESP 1

ANR projet FORWIND ANR-12-AGRO-0007 1

ANR, Programme « Santé-environnement et santé-travail », 2005-2008 1

ANR-JCJC-0127-01 1

ANR/DFG 1

ANSES (CRD-2011-11) 1

ANVIE, Sciences de l'Homme et Entreprises 1

APR PIC-Covid 1

Agence Nationale de la Recherche 1

Agence d'objectifs IRES 1

Agence d’objectifs de l’IRES 1

All three authors acknowledge support from the Basic Research Program of the National Research University Higher School of Economics. Sandomirskiy was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research [Grant 19-01-00762] and the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [Grant 740435]. 1

Ambassade de France 1

Ana Mauleon and Vincent Vannetelbosch are, respectively, Research Director and Senior Research Associate of the National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS). Financial support from the MSCA ITN Expectations and Social Influence Dynamics in Economics (ExSIDE) Grant no 721846 (1/9/2017–31/8/2020), from the Belgian French speaking community ARC project 15/20-072 of Saint-Louis University - Brussels, and from the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique—FNRS research grant T.0143.18 is gratefully acknowledged. 1

Antoine Mandel acknowledges support from ITN ExSIDE European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 721846. 1

Antoine Mandel acknowledges the support of the EU H2020 FET project DOLFINS (grant nb. 640772). Xavier Venel acknowledges the support of the Agence National de la Recherche [ANR CIGNE ANR-15-CE38-0007-01]. 1

Antoine Mandel and Vipin P. Veetil acknowledge support from the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 640772 (DOLFINS) and from the European Union 7th framework programme under grant agreement No. 603416 (IMPRESSIONS). 1

Appel à projets Dares / Halde [Haute autorité de lutte contre les discriminations et pour l'égalité 2009 1

Attractivity grant (University of Strasbourg) 1

Author Thanh Le would like to acknowledge financial support by a 2015 Endeavour Fellowship from the Australian Government to facilitate research in this area. 1

Bastien Baldacci gratefully acknowledges the support of the ERC Grant 679836 Staqamof. Olivier Guéant thanks the Research Initiative “Modélisation des marchés actions, obligations et dérivés” financed by HSBC France under the aegis of the Europlace Institute of Finance for their support regarding an early version of the paper (entitled “Algorithmic market making: the case of equity derivatives”). 1

Batten Fellow grant - Batten Institute - University of Virginia 1

Bertarelli Foundation and the Swiss National Science Foundation [Grant number 320030_166643] to Olaf Blanke. Andrea Serino is supported by the Swiss National Foundation [Grant PP00P3_163951/1]. 1

Billot is grateful to the project Labex mmedii (ANR 11-LABX-0033-01) for its financial support. Qu is grateful to the ANR CHOp project (ANR-17-CE26-0003) for its financial support. 1

Bogomolnaia and Moulin acknowledge the support from the BasicResearch Program of the National Research University Higher Schoolof Economics. 1

Bourse de recherche Cepremap ; aide à la mobilité internationale du CNRS 1

Bénéficiaire : Commissariat Général à la Stratégie et à la Prospective 1

C.P. and D.P. were supported by grant ERC ADAM nos 295603, EU H2020 COCOHA 644732. C.P., P.E. and D.P. were supported by grant nos ANR-10-LABX-0087 IEC and ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL. P.E. was partly supported by a fellowship from the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study. 1

CEPREMAP, Wharton school (University of Pennsylvania) 1

CEPREMAP. Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme " Investissements d'avenir " portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01. This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX-93-01. 1

CESifo 1

CNRS/Fonds social européen 1

CPER "Industrial Clusters in Asia : old forms, new forms", Lyon 2-IAO 1

CRSH 1

Caisse Dépot et Consignation 1

Canadian Institute of Health Research(CIHR); le Fonds de recherche du Québecen société et culture (FRQSC); CanadaResearch Chair in Social Policies andHuman Resources at the Université Laval; French National Research Agency,Grant/Award Number: ANR-10–LABX-93-0 1

Ce rapport a été réalisé dans le cadre de l’appel à projets de recherche lancé en 2018 et financé par la Dares : « Face aux risques professionnels et aux atteintes à la santé, quelle prévention ?, Post-enquêtes et exploitations secondaires des enquêtes CT-RPS 2016 et Sumer 2017 ». 1

Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01.
This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10-LABX-93-01This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10—LABX-93-01. 1

Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01. This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX_93-01. 1

Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01. This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10-LABX_93-01 1

Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX_93-01 1

Ce travail est financé conjointement par l'EN3S et Sciences Po. Il a bénéficié du soutien apporté par l'ANR et l'État au titre du programme " Investissements d'Avenir " dans le cadre du labex LIEPP (ANR-11-LABX-0091, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02). 1

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS) ; São Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP) 1

Cet ouvrage a été publié avec le soutien de l’université Paris 8 Vincennes à Saint-Denis, du CIRAD et de l’IRD. 1

Cet article est issu d'un travail de recherche qui a été rendu possible grâce à un financement de l'Observatoire National de la Pauvreté et de l'Exclusion Sociale. 1

Cet ouvrage est publié grâce au soutien de plus de 500 personnes qui ont contribué à son financement participatif. 1

Cette expérience a été rendue possible grâce aux subventions du projet ANR-10-CREA-008 et du fonds de la recherche de l’École d’économie de Paris. 1

Cette recherche a bénéficié d'un financement de la DARES 1

Chair “Économie Publique et Développement Durable” (Aix-Marseille University) 1

Chaire Sécurisation des parcours professionnels 1

Claudia Costa received support from the Science and Technology Foundation (FCT), the European Social Fund, and the Centro Operational Programme (SFRH/BD/132218/2017). Paula Santana received support from the Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning (UIDB/04084/2020), through an FCT fund. Aline Bütikofer, René Karadakic, and Kjell Salvanes received support from the Research Council of Norway through project No. 275800 and through its Centres of Excellence Scheme, FAIR project No. 262675 and by the NORFACE DIAL grant 462-16-050. Peter Redler received support from the Elite Network of Bavaria within the Evidence-Based Economics programme. 1

Commission Européenne 1

Commission européenne (DG Emploi et affaires sociales) 1

Conseil Regional de Lorraine 1

Conseil de Recherche en Sciences Humaines du Canada (CRSH) 1

Conseil supérieur de la propriété intellectuelle et artistique, ministère de la culture 1

Contrat CNAF 1

Contrat DARES 1

Contrat DREES-CNRS (BETA) : convention 52346 1

Contrat Ministère du Travail. 1

Contrat de recherche DREES - AO Mire 1

Contrat n° 028339-2, 6th Framework Programme for Research- Socio-economic Sciences and Humanities, European Commission 1

Convention CNAF 1

Convention DARES-CNAM "Post-enquête qualitative C.O.I. 2006" 1

Convention Dares 1

Convention Dares "Post-enquête C.O.I. 2006" n° 4040 1

Convention Dares-Cnam "Post-enquête COI" 1

Convention ONPES/CNRS 1

Convention d'étude pour la Direction et l'Animation de la Recherche et des Etudes Statistiques (DARES) Ministère du travail 1

Convention de recherche signée avec le Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Solidarités Actives - novembre 2008 1

Convention n° 217173- 7e programme cadre, commission européenne. 1

Cuong Le Van is partially funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under Grant number 502.01-2017.12. Nguyen To The is partially funded by NAFOSTED under Grant number 502.01-2018.13. 1

Cuong Le Van is partially funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 502.01-2017.12. 1

DARES, Ministère du travail 1

DATAR, DGEFP 1

DFG: "Multinational Enterprises: New Theories and Empirical Evidence from German Firm-Level Data" (BU 1256/6-1). 1

DG Research European Commission 1

DREES AO Mire 1

Dam and Ha-Huy thank the LABEX MME-DII, France (ANR-11-LBX-0023-01) forsupport during the writing of this article. This article is finished during theperiod Ha-Huy worked asdéléguéin the Theoretical Economics Team UMR8545 at CNRS, Paris School of Economics (campus Jourdan). 1

Dares, 2008 1

Dares, Direction de l'Animation de la Recherche, des Études et des Statistiques 1

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant/Award Number: EXC 2035/1 ; H2020 European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: Starting Grant 311769 1

Direction de l'Animation de la Recherche et des Etudes Statistiques (DARES) du Ministère du Travail 1

Direction de la recherche, des études, de l'évaluation et des statistiques (DREES), Ministère des Affaires sociales et de la Santé 1

Duisburg-Essen University 1

Délégation interministérielle à l'innovation sociale - (Ministère des Affaires sociales) 1

Délégation interministérielle à l'innovation sociale et à l'économie sociale 1

EN3S, LIEPP Sciences Po 1

EU 7th Framework GIST/ ANR Franco-Allemande FDIS -/- Ce travail a également bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme " Investissements d'avenir " portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01. This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX-93-01. 1

Elvire Guillaud’s research has been held during a research residency funded by the Paris School of Economics. Her research has been supported by a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the ’Investissements d’Avenir’ programme within the framework of the OSE centre of excellence (ANR-10-LABX-93-01). Michaël Zemmour’s research has been supported by a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the ’Investissements d’Avenir’ programme within the framework of the LIEPP centre of excellence and the EIFISEP project (ANR-11-LABX-0091, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02). 1

European 7th framework Programme 1

European Commission 1

European Commission, (DG V) 1

European Parliament 1

European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program “PERISCOPE: Pan European Response to the ImpactS of COvid-19 andfuture Pandemics and Epidemics”, under the grant agreement No. 101016233, H2020-SC1-PHE_CORONAVIRUS-2020-2-RTD 1

FP7 contract o 3201 1

Financement ANR-05-BLAN-0347-01 1

Financement Commission Européenne (DG Emploi et affaires sociales) 1

Financement DARES 1

Financement Dares 1

Financement MiRe/DREES 1

Financement dans le cadre d'un projet Labex (Réfi), d'un financement BQR, et de frais d'inscription 1

Financement de la Caisse Nationale des Allocations Familiales (CNAF) 1

Financement du Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend 1

Financement européen Leonardo 1

Financial support from Unsa Education along with IRES is gratefully acknowledged. 1

Financial support from the Health Chair, a joint initiative by PSL, Universit´e Paris-Dauphine, ENSAE and MGEN under the aegis of the Fondation du Risque (FDR) is gratefully acknowledged. J. Shogren thanks the Rasmuson Chair at the University of Alaska-Anchorage for the support. 1

Financial support from the LIEPP (ANR-11-LABX-0091, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02) is gratefully acknowledged. 1

Fondation Crédit Coopératif 1

Fondation Crédit Coopératif ; Chorum ; Ministère de la Culture ; Crédit Mutuel ; Institut CDC pour la recherche 1

Fonds d'expérimentation pour la jeunesse 1

Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture (FRQSC); Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) of Canada 1

For this research, Cuong Le Van is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 502.01-2017.12. Ngoc-Sang Pham is member of the LabEx Entrepreneurship (University of Montpellier, France), funded by the French government (Labex Entreprendre, ANR-10-Labex-11-01). 1

Franco-Swedish Program on Economics and Philosophy (FMSH—Risksbankens Jubileumsfond) 1

Franz Dietrich gratefully acknowledges support from the French National Research Agency through three grants (ANR-17-CE26-0003, ANR-16-FRAL-0010, and ANR-17-EURE-0001). Christian List gratefully acknowledges support from the London School of Economics through a research sabbatical in the autumn of 2020 and through his continuing affiliation as a visiting professor. 1

French National Research Agency, as part of the program “Investissements d’avenir”, ANR-10-LABX-14-01 1

French Research Ministry, no. 4-5-666: ACI Santé et Environnement The Risk Foundation (Health, Risk and Insurance Chair, Allianz) 1

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung 1

Funding was provided by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (ColAForm). 1

G. Giraud: Support from the Energy and Prosperity Chair is gratefully acknowledged. M. Grasselli: Partially supported by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Science and Engineer Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET) Grant INO13-0 0 011 . Hospitality of the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, and INET at Oxford Martin School, where this work was completed, is also gratefully acknowledged. 1

GDR Européen 335 Monnaie Banque Finance du CNRS: 1

GEMDEV 1

GIP Droit et Justice 1

GMonD: Paris School of Economics (PSE) 1

Gip Droit et Justice 1

Grant Agreement: SSH-CT-2008-217173 1

Guilhem Lecouteux and Ismael Rafai acknowledge the financial support from the Mildeca through the Call for projects for Research in Public Health 2020 conducted by the Institut pour la Recherche en Santé Publique (IReSP), grant number IRESP-RSP2020-230985 1

H. d’Albis acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Stg Grant DU 283953). 1

H2020 project DOLFINS (G.A. No 640772) 1

Haute Autorité de Santé 1

I finally thank the Belgian French-speaking Community (Convention ARC 09/14-018 on “Sustainability”) for financial support. 1

I thank two dedicated referees and an editor for very helpful comments. I gratefully acknowledge support by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-12-INEG-0006-01). 1

ICER 1

ICaTSEM 1

ICaTSEM (" Institutional Changes and Trajectories of Socio-Economic development Models ") qui s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet FP7/2007-2011 (contrat n°225349). Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme " Investissements d'avenir " portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01. This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX-93-01. 1

ICaTSEM. Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme " Investissements d'avenir " portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01. This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX-93-01. 1

IDGM initiative led by Ferdi (Fondation pour les études et recherches sur le développement) 1

IERDJ 1

ILO and EC project - Monitoring and Assessing Progress on Decent Work (MAP) 1

INED, Commisson Européenne 1

IRES pour le compte de l’agence d’objectifs IRES CGT-FO 1

IRESP /ANR/ministère des affaires sociales 1

Inca 1

Institut Universitaire de France 1

Institute for New Economic Thinking, INET inaugural grant #220.Research agreement between the Italian Statistical Office (ISTAT) and the Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaParis School of Economics (Résidence de Recherche) 1

Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project (CNP3) 1

Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service (JRC113150) 1

Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service, JRC.D.4 - Economics of Agriculture (JRC108394) 1

Journal publié à Chicago. 1

Journée du Groupe de Recherche en Economie du Genre (CRNS-Université Paris 1) sur "Travail professionnel-travail domestique à l'épreuve du genre" 1

La Demeure Historique 1

La recherche ayant conduit à ces résultats a été financée par l’EN3S (École nationale de la sécurité sociale) etle LIEPP (Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d’évaluation des politiques publiques, Sciences Po). Ce projet a bénéficiédu soutien apporté par l’ANR et l’État au titre du programme d’Investissements d’avenir dans le cadre du labex(ANR-11-LABX-0091, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02). 1

Labex Réfi (Régulation financière) 1

Leonardo 1

Les auteurs tiennent à remercier tout particulièrement le Conseil Régional de Lorraine pour son concours financier. 1

Leverhulme 1

Liad Mudrik was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 1847/16) and the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (Grant No. 659765- MSCA-IF-EF-ST). Nathan Faivre was supported by the Fyssen and the Philippe foundations. 1

Lupus France, association des Sclérodermiques de France, association Gougerot Sjögren, Association Francophone contre la Polychondrite chronique atrophiante, AFM-Telethon, the French Society of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Cochin Hospital, the French Health Ministry, FOREUM, the Association Prix Veronique Roualet, and UCB. 1

M. Grabisch and A. Rusinowska acknowledge the financial support by the National Agency for Research, Project DynaMITE (ANR-13-BSH1-0010-01). X. Venel acknowledges the financial support by the National Agency for Research, Project CIGNE (ANR-15-CE38-0007-01). 1

MAEE 1

MSH-USR3261 1

MTA momentum programmeMTA Bolyai grantFP7 EFIGE 225551 1

Mandel acknowledges support from the H2020 framework programme via grant 884565 -TIPPING.plusMandel acknowledges the support by the Project ExSIDE. This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie 36 Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 721846, “Expectations and Social Influence Dynamics in Economics (ExSIDE)”. 1

Mandel acknowledges the support of the EU H2020 programme through grant agreements ITN EXSIDE 721846, ITN EPOC 956107, and TIPPING+ 884565. 1

Maria Kuecken was funded by the “Policy Design and Evaluation Research in Developing Countries” Initial Training Network under the Marie Curie Actions of the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme, Contract Number: 608109. Josselin Thuilliez benefited from a Fulbright grant at Princeton University. Marie-Anne Valfort had the backing of the French State in the form of a grant administered by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche under the program heading “Investments for the Future” (“Investissements d’avenir”), reference ANR-10-LABX-93-01. 1

Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation - Ministère de l'Économie, des Finances et de la Relance 1

Ministère de l'Ecologie et du Développement Durable; ADEME 1

Ministère de l'Économie, des Finances et de la Relance 1

Ministère de la Culture / DEPS 1

Ministère de la Jeunesse et des solidarités actives 1

Ministère de la Santé et des Sports 1

Ministère de la Santé, de la jeunesse, des sports et de la vie associative 1

Ministère de la Santé, de la jeunesse, des sports et de la vie associative, Crédit Coopératif, Crédit Mutuel, France Active (Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations) 1

Ministère de la culture, Fondation Crédit Coopératif, Caisse des dépôts et consignations, Institut CDC de la Recherche recherche, Chorum, Crédit Mutuel 1

Ministère de la jeunesse et de la vie associative; Fédération nationale du Crédit Mutuel; France active 1

N. Jacquemet gratefully acknowledges funding from the Institut Universitaire de France and Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [Grant ANR-10-LABX-93-01]; part of this work has been completed while Jacquemet was affiliated at Université de Lorraine (BETA). Financial support from the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur Regional Council [Project ENGAIN] is gratefully acknowledged 1

NF is an EPFL Fellow co-funded by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellowship. Special thanks to Nicolas Oeggerli for his assistance in setting up and running the experiments. AS and BT were supported by ERC Starting Grant #640626 (ACTINIT). 1

National Plan for Science Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award number (12-MAT2703-02) 1

New Economic Thinking, INET inaugural grant #220 1

Nicolas Jacquemet tient à remercier l'Institut Universitaire de France pour son soutien financier. Les auteurs remercient le Conseil Régional Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur pour son soutien financier. 1

Nikolaos Pnevmatikos research was supported by Labex MME-DII 1

Nikos Pnevmatikos’s research was supported by Labex MME-DII. Part of this research wascarried out when he was visiting the Engineering Systems andDesign pillar at Singapore Univer-sity of Technology and Design. Marco Scarsini is a member of GNAMPA-INdAM. Xavier Venelacknowledges the support of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR CIGNE ANR-15-CE38-0007-01]. This work was partially supported by GAMENET COSTAction CA 16228. 1

Norwegian EEA and Polish Governement 1

Nous remercions la Mission Recherche du Ministère de l’emploi et de la Solidarité (MIRE) pour son soutien financier dans le cadre de la convention « Déterminants et conséquences macroéconomiques de la protection sociale ». 1

O.B. is supported by the Bertarelli Foundation, the Swiss National Science Foundation, and the European Science Foundation. A.S. is supported by W Investments S.A., Switzerland (industrial grant ‘RealiSM’), by Swiss National Science Foundation (PP00P3_163951), by the Leenards Foundation. R.S. was supported by the National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) “SYNAPSY – The Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases” financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation (n° 51AU40_125759). NF is an EPFL Fellow co-funded by Marie-Curie and was supported by the EU Human Brain Project. J.P.N. was supported by a Fulbright Scholarship by the United States Department of State, Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs. MŁ was supported by National Science Centre Poland (PRELUDIUM 7, grant no. 2014/13/N/HS6/02963). 1

O.B. is supported by the Bertarelli Foundation, the Swiss National Science Foundation, and the European Science Foundation. R.S was supported by the National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR) “SYNAPSY–The Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases” financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 51AU40_125759) & an Israel Science Foundation grant. (1169/17). N.F. is an École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Fellow co-funded by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellowship and was also supported by the European Union Human Brain Project. 1

OQAI Grant 2011 1

Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. 1

PPF "La nouvelle configuration européenne et recomposition des espaces post-communistes" de l'Université Paris X 1

Patricia Crifo acknowledges the support of the chair for Sustainable Finance and Responsible Investment (chair FDIR –Toulouse IDEI & Ecole Polytechnique), the chair for Energy and prosperity, finance and evaluation of energy transition, and the Research program Investissements d’Avenir (ANR-11-IDEX-0003/Labex Ecodec/ANR- 11- LABX-0047). 1

Philippe Martin is grateful to the Banque de France-Sciences Po partnership for its financial support. 1

Philippe Tessier benefited from a fellowship from La Ligue contre le cancer (French league against Cancer). Josselin Thuilliez benefited from a Fulbright grant and a Princeton fellowship at Princeton University. 1

Programas de I+D en CCSS y Humanidades 2015 (MAD-ECO-POL-CM), Comunidadde Madrid (Spain), Project 2019/HUM-5891 1

Programme "Job quality in advanced countries" de la Russell Sage Foundation (New York) 1

Project ANR Novo Tempus; Chaire Developpement Durable (Ecole Polytechnique - EDF); SAE2 Research Grant (INRA); MACSUR 1

Projet : ESEMK (PCRD6) 1

Projet co-financé dans le cadre d'un partenariat avec la Ville de Paris. 1

Publication réalisée avec le soutien du Comité pour l’histoire préfectorale. 1

REPRO European Commission 1

RFF 1

Recherche financée par la Dares (Ministère du Travail) dans le cadre du Comité d'évaluation des ordonnances Travail présidé par France Stratégie. 1

Region Grand-Est 1

Research Center of College of Sciences at King Saud University, Project No (Math/2008/) 1

Research was funded by grants from NIA, R37-AG11761 and R37-AG25247. 1

Reshef gratefully acknowledges support from a public grant overseen by the Agence National de la Recherche (ANR), under grant number ANR-16-CE26-0001-01. 1

Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (the Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences) 1

Russel Sage Foundation 1

Région Rhône-Alpes 1

Réponse à un AO Dares 1

Réponse à une AO-DARES 1

Réseau d'excellence européen REPRO (Reproductive decisions in Europe) 1

Réseau ferré de France 1

Résumé d'un contrat de recherche financé par le Ministère de la culture et de la communication, la Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, l'Institut CDC pour la recherche, la Fondation Crédit Coopératif, Chorum et le Crédit Mutuel 1

Short stay for 3 months by International Monetary Fund 1

Soldaterlegatet with financial support from Tryg [grant ID119562], Lundbeck, Novo Nordisk, and Aase and Ejnar Danielsen’s funds 1

Support from the Basic Research Program of the National Research University Higher School of Economics is gratefullyacknowledged. Sandomirskiy is partially supported by the Lady Davis Foundation, by Grant 19-01-00762 of the RussianFoundation for Basic Research, and by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement n◦740435). 1

Support from the Centre d'Économie de la Sorbonne (CNRS), the Getulio Vargas Foundation, the University of Sao Paulo, and the Brazilian CAPES are acknowledged. 1

Tax Administration Research Centre 1

Tax Administration Research Centre (TARC) 1

Te present work was supported by the French ANR [grant ANR-16-CE28-0002 to VdG] 1

The work leading to this publication has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007 - 2013) under grant agreement n° 610349. 1

The authors acknowledge financial support from Conicyt-Chile through Fondecyt project 1150207. Cea-Echenique is grateful to Conicyt-Chile for financial support given by the Ph.D. fellowship 21110938. 1

The authors acknowledge financial support from UNU-WIDER. 1

The authors acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 642018 (GREEN-WIN project). 1

The authors are thankful to the CEPREMAP, the PSE Research Fund, theSarah Andrieux Fund, the Chair G-Mond, the IRD, and the UMR Développement et Sociétés for their financial support forthis research project. This project received the IRB certification of J-Pal Europe (CE/2014-005). 1

The authors are very grateful to anonymous referees for useful remarks, comments, and suggestions. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the LabEx MME-DII (no. ANR11-LBX-0023-01) and the Institut Europlace de Finance Louis Bachelier. Cuong Le Van is partially funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under Grant Number 502.01-2017.12. Ngoc-Sang Pham is member of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Chair, which is part of LabEx Entrepreneurship (University of Montpellier, France) and funded by the French government (Labex Entreprendre, ANR-10-Labex-11-01). 1

The authors are very grateful to the co-editor Alessandro Citanna and anonymous referees for useful remarks, comments, and suggestions. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the LabEx MME-DII (no. ANR11-LBX-0023-01) and the Institut Europlace de Finance Louis Bachelier . Cuong Le Van is partially funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 502.01-2017.12. Ngoc-Sang Pham is member of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Chair, which is part of LabEx Entrepreneurship (University of Montpellier, France) and funded by the French government (Labex Entreprendre, ANR-10-Labex-11-01). 1

The authors are very grateful to three anonymous referees for useful remarks, comments, suggestions. They have helped us to substantially improve our previous version. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the LabEx MME-DII (No. ANR11-LBX-0023-01) and the Institut Europlace de Finance Louis Bachelier. Ngoc-Sang Pham is member of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Chair, which is part of LabEx Entrepreneurship (University of Montpellier, France) and funded by the French government (Labex Entreprendre, ANR-10-Labex-11-01). 1

The authors thank the Agence Nationale de la Recherche for financial support under contracts ANR-13-BSHS1-0010 (DynaMITE) and ANR-10-LABX-93-01 (Labex OSE). 1

The authors thank the Conseil Régional de Lorraine for its financial support. 1

The authors thank two anonymous Referees and Associate Editor for very useful comments. Agnieszka Rusinowska and Emily Tanimura acknowledge the support by the National Agency for Research (Agence Nationale de la Recherche), Project DynaMITE (ANR-13-BSH1-0010-01). Philipp Möhlmeier carried out this research within the International Research Training Group Economic Behavior and Interaction Models (EBIM) financed by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under contract GRK 1134/2 and within the Bielefeld Graduate School of Economics and Management (BiGSEM). Financial support by EBIM, BiGSEM and the Center for Mathematical Economics is gratefully acknowledged. 1

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support given for the conduct of this research from the National Science Centre, Poland, under Grant No. 2020/39/B/HS4/00032. 1

The authors would also like to thank Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, University Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, and the University of Ghent for financial support. 1

The first author thanks the Agence Nationale de la Recherche for financial support under contract ANR-13-BSH1-0010 (DynaMITE). The second author was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under project ECO2015-66803-P and by the Danish Council for Independent Research/Social Sciences under the FINQ project (Grant ID: DFF-1327-00097). 1

The first author thanks the Agence Nationale de la Recherche for financial support under contract ANR-13-BSHS1-0010 (DynaMITE). The remaining author acknowledges support from the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Grant-id: DFF – 1327-00097) and from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under project ECO2015-66803-P (MINECO/FEDER). 1

The organization of the Confidence Database was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health under award number R56MH119189 to D.R. 1

The present work was funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grants ANR-16-CE28-0002, ANR-18-CE28-0015 and ANR-16-ASTR-0014 to VdG]. 1

The publication of this study was funded by Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) "Coping with Heterogeneous Opinions–CHOp" [ANR-17-CE26-0003]. The funder of this study had no additional role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. No additional external funding was received for this study 1

The research leading to these results has received funding from EN3S - Ecole nationale supérieure de la sécurit é sociale and LIEPP Sciences Po (REDINEQ project). It is supported by a public grant overseen bythe French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the “Investissements d’Avenir” programme within the framework of the LIEPP centre of excellence (ANR-11-LABX-0091, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02) 1

The research of S. Crépey has benefited from the support of the Chair Capital Markets Tomorrow: Modeling and Computational Issues under the aegis of the Institut Europlace de Finance, a joint initiative of Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistique et Modélisation (LPSM) / Université Paris Cité and Crédit Agricole CIB.The research of N. Frikha has benefited from the support of the Institut Europlace de Finance. 1

The research was supported by the French National Research Agency through three grants (ANR-17-CE26-0003, ANR-16-FRAL-0010 and ANR-17-EURE-0001). 1

The second author acknowledges support from the Institut Universitaire de France. 1

The study was undertaken as a part of the project Politiques migratoire et d’Accueil,Capital humain et Performances économiques (PACaPe), ﬁnanced by the Directiongénérale des étrangers en France (DGEF). 1

The study was undertaken as part of theproject “Politiques migratoire et d’Accueil,Capital humain et Performances économiques(PACaPe)” financed by the Direction générale des étrangers en France (DGEF). 1

The support ofthe National Research Agency, through MINT (Models of Influence and Network Theory) project, Reference: ANR-09-BLAN-0321-01, is gratefully acknowledged. 1

The work of Eduardo Abi Jaber was supported by grants from Région Île-de-France. Christa Cuchiero gratefully acknowledges financial support by the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) under grant MA16-021 and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under grant Y1235 of the START-program. The research of Sergio Pulido benefited from the support of the Chair Markets in Transition (Fédération Bancaire Française) and the project ANR 11-LABX-0019. Sergio Pulido acknowledges support by the Europlace Institute of Finance (EIF) and the Labex Louis Bachelier, research project: "The impact of information on financial markets". 1

The work of Tomáš Kroupa has been supported from the Czech Science Foundation project GA16-12010S. 1

This article and its translation have been produced with the support of labex DynamiTe. 1

This article has received funding from the NAVIGATE project of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant no. 821124 (S.F., M. Fleurbaey, U.K., A.M., F.W. and S.Z.) and the NIEHS-funded HERCULES Center P30ES019776 (N.S.). We thank C. Burnham and the Climate Futures Initiative at Princeton University for support. 1

This article is based on results that were obtained in a report financed by the DG Employment of the European Commission 1

This article was prepared within the framework of a subsidy granted to the NationalResearch University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation by the Government of the RussianFederation for the implementation of the Global Competitiveness Program 1

This article was supported by the European Center for Humanities and Social Sciences (MESHS-Lille, France) and by the French Ministry for Higher education, Research and Innovation. 1

This author’s research was supported by Labex MME-DII. Part of this research was carried out when the author was working at GERAD of HEC Montréal. 1

This paper is part of the research project ANR ‘‘Mesure des inégalités ordinales et multidimensionnelles’’ (ORDINEQ) of the French National Research Agency (Agence Nationale de la Recherche), whose financial support is gratefully acknowledged. 1

This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71974123) and Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No. 2017-01-07-00-10-E00016). 1

This paper was prepared for the ASIA‐LINK human resource development project: Euro‐Philippines Network on Banking and Finance, Safety and Soundness of the Financial System (Asialink/ASIE/B7‐3010/2005/105‐139), coordinated by the University of Limoges (www.upd.edu.ph/~cba/asialink). ASIA‐LINK is a Programme of the European Commission that seeks to promote regional and multilateral networking among higher education institutions in Europe and developing economies in Asia. 1

This presentation is based on results that were obtained in a report financed by the DG Employment of the European Commission 1

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-SSH/2007–2013) for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 320270 - SYRTO. 1

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 320197 (Mapcompete project). 1

This project is supported by the Agence nationale de la recherche (National Research Agency ‑ ANR) and the French Government under the LIEPP Labex 1

This project received funding from the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71603009 and No. 71703172), French région Ile de France (AMI program), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. 1

This project was funded by the National Plan for Science Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award number (Grant number: 12-MAT2703-02). 1

This project was funded by the National Plan for Sciences, Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, award number 12-MAT2703-02. 1

This project was funded withthe support of Health Chair, a joint initiativeby PSL, Université Paris-Dauphine, ENSAE, MGEN and ISTYA under the aegis of the Fondation du Risque(FDR). 1

This report has been financed by the European Commission (Directorate General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities) 1

This research benefited from the support of the Demographic Transitions, Economic Transitions Chair (Paris, France) under the aegis of the Risk Foundation. 1

This research benefited fromafounding from iCODE institute(http://www.icode-institute.fr/en). 1

This research has been conducted as part of the project Labex MMEDII (ANR 11-LABX-0033-01). 1

This research has been conducted with the support of the Research Initiative ‘Nouveaux traitements pour les données lacunaires issues des activités de crédit’ financed by BNP Paribas under the aegis of the Europlace Institute of Finance. 1

This research has been conducted with the support of the Research Initiative “Modélisation des marchés actions, obligations et dérivés” financed by HSBC France under the aegis of the Europlace Institute of Finance. 1

This research has been supported by the Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR), France project FairClimpop, Grant # ANR-16-CE03-0001-01. 1

This research has benefited from the support of Research fellowships 2016-2017 with reference 2016 ECFIN 013/B. 1

This research has received funding from the European Research Council underthe European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) Grant Agreement No. 313522. 1

This research is supported by a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the ”Investissements d’avenir” program (ANR-10-EQPX-17 CASD). We also acknowledge financial support from the iCODE institute and from the ANR agency under the program ANR-16-CE26-0001-01. 1

This research received support from the French state grants ANR JASI (ANR-16-FASI-0001). 1

This research was partially funded by ANR program MALDI. 1

This research was supported by FONDECYT MetaDynamic [N° 11170775, GR], FONDECYT MetaStress [N° 1171836, JRS and GR], FONDECYT Meta3C [N° 1191708, JRS and GR], MetaStress [ANR-16-ASTR-0014, JS and VdG; ANR-10-LABX-0087 IEC and ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL, JS], and by the FIC, Millennium Scientific Initiative [N° IS130005, JRS]. 1

This research was supported by a French state grant (Grant No. ANR-10-EQPX-17; Centre d’accès sécurisé aux données, CASD), the LABEX Ecodec (ANR-11-LABX-0047) and the “Flash Asile” program of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-16-FASI-0001). The authors accessed the data via the Centre d'accès sécurisé distant (CASD), dedicated to the use of authorized researchers, following the approval of the Comité français du secret statistique. 1

This research was supported by an Economic and Social Research Council United Kingdom PhD studentship to Annika Boldt. 1

This research was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-16-CE28-0002 and ANR-16-ASTR-0014 to VdG, ANR-17-EURE-0017 and ANR-18-CE28-0015 to PM) and by ENS-PSL University (doctoral scholarship to SR). 1

This research was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-16-CE28-0002 and ANR-16-ASTR-0014 to VdG, ANR-17-EURE-0017 to PM) and by PSL University (doctoral scholarship to SR). 1

This research was supported by the AgroParisTech–SUEZ Chair for General Management of Water and Sanitation Utilities (Chair ‘Water for All/Eau pour Tous’; https://waterforall.utilities.management). 1

This special issue and the research initiative of which it is a part are supported by UNU-WIDER under its 2014–2018 Research Programme. 1

This special issue of FACTS Reports benefited from the financial support of the program “Investissements d’Avenir” (reference ANR-10-LABX-14-01) of the French government. 1

This study was funded by the African Development Bank Group; contract no. ECVP/SC/2017/012/014. 1

This study was funded by the European Commission through the FP7 project IMPRESSIONS (603416) and the H2020 project Dolfins (640772), and through the Agence Nationale de la Recherche via Labex Louis Bachelier (ANR 11-LABX-0019) and Labex OSE (ANR-10-LABX-93-01). 1

This study was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI Grant Number 18H03634). 1

This study was supported by a grant from the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche awarded to AP, an ERC Starting Grant (‘DynaMind’ project) awarded to SK, an ANR grant awarded to VdG (ANR-16-CE28-0002), and ANR grants awarded to the Département d’Études Cognitives (ANR-10-LABX-0087 and ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02). 1

This work benefited from the support of the Energy and Prosperity Chair and the financial support of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant number DS0207). 1

This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 721846, “Expectations and Social Influence Dynamics in Economics (ExSIDE)”. 1

This work is supported by a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the ”Investissements d’Avenir” programme within the framework of the LIEPP centre of excellence (ANR-11-LABX-0091, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02). 1

This work received funding from an MIS Ulysse research grant from the Belgian F.R.S.-FNRS (Grant number F. 6007.09). The first author received support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research JP15H05728. 1

This work was achieved through studies conducted in the Laboratory of Excellence for Financial Regulation (Labex ReFi) supported by PRES HESAM under the reference ANR10LABX0095. It benefited from French government support managed by the National Research Agency (ANR) within the project Investissements d’Avenir Paris Nouveaux Mondes (Investments for the Future, Paris–New Worlds) under the reference ANR11IDEX000602. 1

This work was achieved through the Laboratory of Excellence on Financial Regulation (Labex ReFi) supported by PRES heSam under the reference ANR-10-LABX-0095. It benefited from a French government support managed by the National Research Agency (ANR) within the project Investissements d’Avenir Paris Nouveaux Mondes (investments for the future Paris New Worlds) under the reference ANR-11-IDEX-0006-02. 1

This work was achieved through the Laboratory of Excellence on Financial Regulation (Labex ReFi) supported by PRES heSam under the reference ANR-10-LABX-0095. It benefitted from a French government support managed by the National Research Agency (ANR) within the project Investissements d'Avenir Paris Nouveaux Mondes (invesments for the future Paris-New Worlds) under the reference ANR-11-IDEX-0006-02. 1

This work was achieved through the Laboratory of Excellence on Financial Regulation (Labex ReFi) supported by PRES heSam under the reference ANR10LABX0095. It benefited from a French government support managed by the National Research Agency (ANR) within the Project Investissements d’Avenir Paris Nouveaux Mondes (investments for the future Paris New Worlds) under the reference ANR11IDEX000602. 1

This work was achieved through the Laboratory of Excellence on Financial Regulation (Labex ReFi) supported by PRES heSam, France under the reference ANR10LABX0095. It benefited from a French government support managed by the National Research Agency (ANR) , France within the project Investissements d’Avenir Paris Nouveaux Mondes (investments for the future Paris New Worlds) under the reference ANR11IDEX000602. 1

This work was achieved through the Laboratory of Excellence on Financial Regulation (Labex RéFi) supported by PRES heSam under the reference ANR-10-LABX-0095. It benefited from a French government support managed by the National Research Agency (ANR) within the project Investissements d'Avenir Paris Nouveaux Mondes (Investments for the Future Paris New Worlds) under the reference ANR11IDEX000602. 1

This work was achieved through the Laboratory of Excellence on Financial Regulation (Labex RéFi) supported by PRES heSam under the reference ANR10LABX0095. It benefited from a French government support managed by the National Research Agency (ANR) within the project Investissements d'Avenir Paris Nouveaux Mondes (Investments for the Future Paris New Worlds) under the reference ANR11IDEX000602. 1

This work was carried out in the context of the Laboratory of Excellence on Financial Regulation (Labex ReFi), supported by PRES heSam under the reference ANR-10-LABX-0095. It benefitted from French government support managed by the National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the project Investissements d’Avenir Paris Nouveaux Mondes (investments for the future, Paris-New Worlds) under the reference ANR-11-IDEX-0006-02. 1

This work was funded by the Brazilian Council of Scientific Research (CNPq) and the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). 1

This work was funded by the French Observatory of the Sports Economy, French Ministry for Sports. The authors would like to thank the French Observatory of the Sports Economy, French Ministry for Sports for having funded this research. 1

This work was funded by the grants "AMBISENSE" (Grant No. ANR-19-CE28-0019-01) and "VICONTE" (Grant No. ANR-18-CE28-0015) from the French Agence Nationale de Recherche. We also acknowledge Grant No. ANR-17-EURE-0017 FrontCog for research conducted at the Department of Cognitive Studies of the École Normale Supérieure, PSL University. 1

This work was made possible by the following fellowships of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR): for Vincent de Gardelle (ANR-16-CE28-0002; ANR-18-CE28-0015); for Jerome Sackur, Vincent de Gardelle, and Mahiko Konishi (ANR-16-ASTR-0014); for Jerome Sackur and Mahiko Konishi (ANR-17-EURE-0017). 1

This work was supported by Agence Française de Développement (grant agreement ERS/RED n°078-2016). 1

This work was supported by EU grant CO3 - Common Complex Collective Phenomena in Statistical Mechanics, Society, Economics, and Biology, (Project Reference:12410; http://cordis.europa.eu/search/index.cfm?fuseaction=proj.document&PJ_RCN=7888888), NESS - Non-Equilibrium Social Science (project number: 296777; http://www.nessnet.eu/) and Polish grant BW 1770 40. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 1

This work was supported by Economic and Social Research Council: [Grant Number ES/P008976/1]; H2020 European Research Council: [Grant Number 670103]; French National Research Agency [Grant Numbers ANR-17-CE26-0003, ANR-16-FRAL-0010 and ANR-17-EURE-0001]. 1

This work was supported by Lingnan University to AL[DR18A7 (101097) and SSFRG/18/3/1 (102171)] and the FrenchAgence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-10-BLAN-1910 to PM;ANR-16-CE28-0002 to VdG; ANR-17-EURE-0017 to PM; ANR-18-CE28-0015 to PM & VdG]. 1

This work was supported by fundingfrom the CNRS (Mission pour l’interdisciplinarite´grant to TG), from the Agence Nationale pour laRecherche (ANR-16-CE28-0002 to VdG and ANR16-ASTR-0014 to JS and VdG) 1

This work was supported by grants ANR-10-BLAN-1910“Visual Confi-dence”to Pascal Mamassian, and ANR-18-CE28-0015“VICONTE”toPascal Mamassian and Vincent de Gardelle. Supplementary support camefrom ANR-17-EURE-0017. 1

This work was supported by grants administered by the French National Research Agency as part of the Investissements d’Avenir program (Idex [Grant Agreement No. ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02/Labex ECODEC No. ANR11- LABEX-0047] and ANR-14-CE24-0007-01 CoCoRICo-CoDec). 1

This work was supported by the ANR project FORWIND (ANR-12-AGRO-0007). The UMR Economie Forestière is supported by a grant from the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the “Investissements d’Avenir” program (ANR-11-LABX-0002-01), ARBRE Lab of Excellence. 1

This work was supported by the CEPREMAP; the PSE Research Fund; the Sarah Andrieux Fund; the Chair G-Mond; the IRD; the UMR Développement et Société; the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche [through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10-LABX-93-01]. This research is also part of the NOPOOR project, which is funded by the European Union under the 7th Research Framework Programme (Theme SSH.2011.1) - Grant Agreement No. 290752. 1

This work was supported by the European Research Council (JD), the IHU-A-ICM (MD, JD) and the French Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (MD). 1

This work was supported by the French National Research Agency Grant (ANR-17-EURE-0020). 1

This work was supported by the French National Research Agency Grants ANR-17-EURE-001 and ANR-17-EURE-0020, and by the Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University - A*MIDEX. 1

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71831002,72174035,72072018,71971034); The 111 Project of China (B20082); Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China (2021T140081); LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC2008030); LiaoNing Natural Science Foundation (2020-HYLH-15); Dalian Academy of Social Sciences (Research Center) Project (2022dlsky033); Dalian Federation of Social Sciences Key Project (2022dlskzd241). 1

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72101043). 1

This work was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, grant numbers 2016/21571-4 and 2017/23879-9) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant number 311357/2017-2). Moreover, the authors would like to thank the Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS) for allowing them to use, for the present work, the data collected in the framework of a previous collaboration (convention No. 5001053). 1

This work was supported by the The Technical Center for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), Belgium. 1

UQAM, laboratoire CRISES, Montréal, Canada 1

United Nations Environment Program 1

University of Alaska-Anchorage 1

Université Paris 1, CNAF, UQAM 1

Université de Montréal, Département de Sociologie, Montréal, Canada 1

Valbonesi and Moretti gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (grant PRIN2008PYFHY/02) and the University of Padova (grant no. CPDA084881/08); Spagnolo thanks the Swedish Research Council (Vetenkapradet); and Coviello thanks the Canada Research Chairs program for financial support. 1

We acknowledge funding from EN3S—Ecole nationale supérieure de la sécurité sociale—and LIEPP Sciences Po (the REDINEQ project). LIEPP is supported by a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the “Investissements d’Avenir” program within the framework of the LIEPP centre of excellence (ANR‐11‐LABX‐0091, ANR‐11‐IDEX‐0005‐02). 1

We also thank the Belgian French-speaking Community (Convention ARC 09/14-019 on “Geographical mobility of factors”) for financial support. 1

We also thank the actions transversales du Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne for funding Leyla Ade’s research visit to work on the results presented here. 1

We are also grateful for funding fromthe Templeton Foundation (grant ID# 12576). 1

We are grateful to Anna d’Addio for her helpful comments and to the DREES (Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs) for providing data and for their remarks on an earlier draft of this work. Benoît Rapoport thanks the iPOPs Labex from the heSam Pres (reference ANR-10-LABX-0089) for financial support. 1

We are grateful to the CEPREMAP for financial support. Nicolas Jacquemet acknowledges the Institut Universitaire de France for its support. Constantine Yannelis thanks the Alexander S. Onassis foundation for generous support. 1

We gratefully acknowledge financial support from ANR within the INEQ AT WORK project ( ANR-17-CE41-0009 ) and from Sciences-Po LIEPP (ANR-11-LABX-0091, ANR-11-IDEX-000502). All errors are our own. We also thank the DARES for providing data. 1

We thank the US National Science Foundation, the Sloan Foundation, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, and the Economic and Social Research Council for financial support. 1

We would like to thank the Labex VOLTAIRE (ANR-10-LABX-100-01), the LEO, Univ. Orléans, CNRS, France and the Region CentreVal de Loire APR-IA MUTMOND project for their financial support. This work was also funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UID/ECO/00124/2013, UID/ECO/00124/2019 and Social Sciences DataLab, Project22209), POR Lisboa (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007722 and Social Sciences DataLab, Project 22209) and POR Norte (Social Sciences DataLab, Project 22209). We would also like to thank the INSD and Ministry of Mines for providing us with data. 1

Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin fur Sozialforschung (WZB) 1

Yiannis Vailakis acknowledges the financial support of an ERC starting grant (FP7, Ideas specific program, Project 240983 DCFM) and of two ANR research grants (Projects Novo Tempus and FIRE); also the hospitality of Kobe University (RIEB) and Université Paris-Dauphine at early stages of the project.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2019.03.0040899-8256/©2019 Published by Elsevier Inc. 1

avec le concours du Comité d'histoire du ministère du travail 1

contrat ANR DRIS 1

contrat cofinancé par la CNAF et l'Université Paris 1 1

convention d'étude IRES CFE-CGC 1

convention d'étude pour le compte de la Dares 1

coopération régulière entre le CNRS et l'Académie Russe des Sciences 1

financement OCDE avec l'EEP 1

financement de la Fondation de France 1

financement du Ministère de la Santé et des Sports 1

financement du ministère français des affaires sociales 1

financement européen LEONARDO 1

financement européen, 7è programme cadre, projet REPRO (reproductive decisions in Europe), WP 5. 1

financement par l'agence d'objectif IRES, via un appel d'offre lancé par la CFDT 1

financement privé (Equilibres Conseil) 1

iCODE (Institute for Control and Decision of the Idex Paris Saclay) 1

recherche finacée par la Russell Sage Foundation 1

recherche réalisée avec le concours du Ministère de la Santé, de la Jeunesse et des Sports – Mission des études, de l'observation et des statistiques 1