Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs): Shaping the Innate Immune Response in Cancers - Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052 ; CNRS 5286 ; Centre Léon Bérard) Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue (Article De Synthèse) Cancers Année : 2020

Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs): Shaping the Innate Immune Response in Cancers

Résumé

Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are accounting for 8% of the human genome. These sequences are remnants from ancient germline infections by exogenous retroviruses. After million years of evolution and multiple integrations, HERVs have acquired many damages rendering them defective. At steady state, HERVs are mostly localized in the heterochromatin and silenced by methylation. Multiple conditions have been described to induce their reactivation, including auto-immune diseases and cancers. HERVs re-expression leads to RNA (simple and double-stranded) and DNA production (by reverse transcription), modulating the innate immune response. Some studies also argue for a role of HERVs in shaping the evolution of innate immunity, notably in the development of the interferon response. However, their exact role in the innate immune response, particularly in cancer, remains to be defined. In this review, we see how HERVs could be key-players in mounting an antitumor immune response. After a brief introduction on HERVs characteristics and biology, we review the different mechanisms by which HERVs can interact with the immune system, with a focus on the innate response. We then discuss the potential impact of HERVs expression on the innate immune response in cancer.
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Dates et versions

hal-03784048 , version 1 (28-02-2024)

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Vincent Alcazer, Paola Bonaventura, Stéphane Depil. Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs): Shaping the Innate Immune Response in Cancers. Cancers, 2020, 12 (3), pp.610. ⟨10.3390/cancers12030610⟩. ⟨hal-03784048⟩
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