Detection of titanium nanoparticles in human, animal and infant formula milk.
Résumé
The sustainability of mammals on Earth relies on milk. During lactation, maternal exposure to metal nanoparticles (NPs) can affect offspring development and survival. Despite being banned from food applications in Europe due suspected toxicity, titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs are still massively manufactured for countless other uses. While contamination of ecosystems is well documented, contamination of mammals remains underexplored. Here, we used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to analyse human, animal, and infant formula milk.
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