The Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS): the scientific strategy, the field phase, and research highlights
Volker Wulfmeyer
(1)
,
Andreas Behrendt
(1)
,
Christoph Kottmeier
(2)
,
Ulrich Corsmeier
(2)
,
Christian Barthlott
(2)
,
George C. Craig
(3)
,
Martin Hagen
(3)
,
Dietrich Althausen
(4)
,
Fumiko Aoshima
(1)
,
Marco Arpagaus
(5)
,
Hans-Stefan Bauer
(1)
,
Lindsay Bennett
(6)
,
Alan Blyth
(6)
,
Christine Brandau
(7)
,
Cédric Champollion
(8)
,
Susanne Crewell
(9)
,
Galina Dick
(10)
,
Paolo Di Girolamo
(11)
,
Manfred Dorninger
(12)
,
Yann Dufournet
(7)
,
Rafael Eigenmann
(13)
,
Ronny Engelmann
(4)
,
Cyrille Flamant
(14)
,
Thomas Foken
(13)
,
Theresa Gorgas
(12)
,
Matthias Grzeschik
(1, 15)
,
Jan Handwerker
(2)
,
Christian Hauck
(16)
,
Hartmut Höller
(3)
,
Wolfgang Junkermann
(2)
,
Norbert Kalthoff
(2)
,
Christoph Kiemle
(3)
,
Stefan Klink
(17)
,
Marianne König
(18)
,
Liane Krauss
(2)
,
Charles N. Long
(19)
,
Fabio Madonna
(20)
,
Stephen Mobbs
(6)
,
Bruno Neininger
(21)
,
Sandip Pal
(1)
,
Gerhard Peters
(22)
,
Grégoire Pigeon
(23)
,
Evelyne Richard
(24)
,
Mathias W. Rotach
(5)
,
Herman Russchenberg
(7)
,
Thomas Schwitalla
(1)
,
Victoria Smith
(6)
,
Reinhold Steinacker
(12)
,
Jörg Trentmann
(17)
,
David D. Turner
(1)
,
Joël van Baelen
(25)
,
Siegfried Vogt
(2)
,
Hans Volkert
(3)
,
Tammy Weckwerth
(26)
,
Heini Wernli
(27)
,
Andreas Wieser
(2)
,
Martin Wirth
(3)
1
IPM -
Institut für Physik und Meteorologie [Stuttgart]
2 IMK - Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research
3 IPA - DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre = DLR Institute of Atmospheric Physics
4 TROPOS - Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research
5 Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
6 SEE - School of Earth and Environment [Leeds]
7 TU Delft - Delft University of Technology
8 Géosciences Montpellier
9 IGN - Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln]
10 GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam
11 Difa - Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell'Ambiente [Potenza]
12 IMGW - Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik [Wien]
13 Micrometeorology Group [Bayreuth]
14 SPACE - LATMOS
15 WESS - Water - Earth System Science Research Institute
16 Department of Geosciences [Fribourg]
17 DWD - Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach]
18 EUMETSAT - European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
19 PNNL - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
20 IMAA - Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale
21 MetAir AG
22 Meteorologisches Institut [Hamburg]
23 CNRM - Centre national de recherches météorologiques
24 LAERO - Laboratoire d'aérologie
25 LaMP - Laboratoire de météorologie physique
26 NCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder]
27 IAC - Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich]
2 IMK - Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research
3 IPA - DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre = DLR Institute of Atmospheric Physics
4 TROPOS - Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research
5 Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
6 SEE - School of Earth and Environment [Leeds]
7 TU Delft - Delft University of Technology
8 Géosciences Montpellier
9 IGN - Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln]
10 GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam
11 Difa - Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell'Ambiente [Potenza]
12 IMGW - Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik [Wien]
13 Micrometeorology Group [Bayreuth]
14 SPACE - LATMOS
15 WESS - Water - Earth System Science Research Institute
16 Department of Geosciences [Fribourg]
17 DWD - Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach]
18 EUMETSAT - European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
19 PNNL - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
20 IMAA - Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale
21 MetAir AG
22 Meteorologisches Institut [Hamburg]
23 CNRM - Centre national de recherches météorologiques
24 LAERO - Laboratoire d'aérologie
25 LaMP - Laboratoire de météorologie physique
26 NCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder]
27 IAC - Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich]
Volker Wulfmeyer
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 757799
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4882-2524
Andreas Behrendt
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 757798
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2719-4354
Christian Barthlott
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 843174
Martin Hagen
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 763826
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4714-0775
Dietrich Althausen
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 763827
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4652-2731
Cédric Champollion
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 11193
- IdHAL : cedric-champollion
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5550-3252
- IdRef : 073968749
Susanne Crewell
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 763829
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1251-5805
Paolo Di Girolamo
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 756448
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7420-3164
Ronny Engelmann
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 763830
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4225-9961
Cyrille Flamant
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 175177
- IdHAL : cyrille-flamant
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8309-6495
- IdRef : 135186404
Sandip Pal
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 763831
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9497-9990
Joël van Baelen
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 21777
- IdHAL : joel-van-baelen
- IdRef : 132718758
Heini Wernli
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 763832
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9674-4837
Résumé
Within the framework of the international field campaign COPS (Convective and Orographically induced Precipitation Study), a large suite of state-of-the-art meteorological instrumentation was operated, partially combined for the first time. This includes networks of in situ and remote-sensing systems such as the Global Positioning System as well as a synergy of multi-wavelength passive and active remote-sensing instruments such as advanced radar and lidar systems. The COPS field phase was performed from 01 June to 31 August 2007 in a low-mountain area in southwestern Germany/eastern France covering the Vosges mountains, the Rhine valley and the Black Forest mountains. The collected dataset covers the entire evolution of convective precipitation events in complex terrain from their initiation, to their development and mature phase until their decay. Eighteen Intensive Observations Periods with 37 operation days and eight additional Special Observations Periods were performed, providing a comprehensive dataset covering different forcing conditions. In this article, an overview of the COPS scientific strategy, the field phase, and its first accomplishments is given. Highlights of the campaign are illustrated with several measurement examples. It is demonstrated that COPS research provides new insight into key processes leading to convection initiation and to the modification of precipitation by orography, in the improvement of quantitative precipitation forecasting by the assimilation of new observations, and in the performance of ensembles of convection-permitting models in complex terrain.
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