Killer whale genomes reveal a complex history of recurrent admixture and vicariance
Andrew Foote
(1)
,
Michael Martin
(2)
,
Marie Louis
(3, 4)
,
George Pacheco
(3)
,
Kelly Robertson
(5)
,
Mikkel‐holger Sinding
(3)
,
Ana R. Amaral
(6)
,
Robin Baird
(7)
,
Charles Scott Baker
(8)
,
Lisa Ballance
(5)
,
Jay Barlow
(5)
,
Tim Collins
(9)
,
Rochelle Constantine
(10)
,
Rochelle Dabin
(11)
,
Luciano Dalla Rosa
(12)
,
Nicholas Davison
(13)
,
John Durban
(5)
,
Ruth Esteban
(14)
,
Steven Ferguson
(15)
,
Tim Gerrodette
(5)
,
Christophe Guinet
(16)
,
M. Bradley Hanson
(17)
,
Wayne Hoggard
(18)
,
Cory Matthews
,
Filipa Samarra
(4)
,
Renaud de Stephanis
(14)
,
Andrew Tavares
(4)
,
Paul Tixier
(16)
,
John Totterdell
,
Paul Wade
,
Laurent Excoffier
(1)
,
M. Thomas P. Gilbert
,
Jochen Martin
,
Phillip Morin
1
Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution
2 NTNU University Museum [Trondheim]
3 Department of Biology [Copenhagen]
4 Scottish Oceans Institute
5 MMTD - Marine Mammal and Turtle Division
6 AMNH - American Museum of Natural History [New York, USA] = Musée américain d'histoire naturelle [New York, USA]
7 Cascadia Research [Washington, USA]
8 Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute [Oregon, USA]
9 WCS - Wildlife Conservation Society
10 School of Biological Sciences [Auckland, New Zealand]
11 PELAGIS - Observatoire pour la Conservation de la Mégafaune Marine
12 Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha [Rio Grande, Brazil]
13 Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency
14 CIRCE (Conservation, Information and Research on Cetaceans)
15 Fisheries & Oceans Canada [Canada]
16 CEBC - Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372
17 NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
18 National Marine Fisheries Service [Mississippi, USA]
2 NTNU University Museum [Trondheim]
3 Department of Biology [Copenhagen]
4 Scottish Oceans Institute
5 MMTD - Marine Mammal and Turtle Division
6 AMNH - American Museum of Natural History [New York, USA] = Musée américain d'histoire naturelle [New York, USA]
7 Cascadia Research [Washington, USA]
8 Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute [Oregon, USA]
9 WCS - Wildlife Conservation Society
10 School of Biological Sciences [Auckland, New Zealand]
11 PELAGIS - Observatoire pour la Conservation de la Mégafaune Marine
12 Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha [Rio Grande, Brazil]
13 Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency
14 CIRCE (Conservation, Information and Research on Cetaceans)
15 Fisheries & Oceans Canada [Canada]
16 CEBC - Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372
17 NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
18 National Marine Fisheries Service [Mississippi, USA]
Marie Louis
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 770950
- IdRef : 14894504X
Luciano Dalla Rosa
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 796731
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1583-6471
Christophe Guinet
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 184007
- IdHAL : christophe-guinet
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2481-6947
- IdRef : 069558671
Cory Matthews
- Fonction : Auteur
Paul Tixier
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1178917
- IdHAL : paul-tixier
John Totterdell
- Fonction : Auteur
Paul Wade
- Fonction : Auteur
Laurent Excoffier
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 762149
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7507-6494
- IdRef : 172554993
M. Thomas P. Gilbert
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 781073
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5805-7195
Jochen Martin
- Fonction : Auteur
Phillip Morin
- Fonction : Auteur
Résumé
Reconstruction of the demographic and evolutionary history of populations assuming
a consensus tree‐like relationship can mask more complex scenarios, which are
prevalent in nature. An emerging genomic toolset, which has been most comprehensively
harnessed in the reconstruction of human evolutionary history, enables
molecular ecologists to elucidate complex population histories. Killer whales have
limited extrinsic barriers to dispersal and have radiated globally, and are therefore
a good candidate model for the application of such tools. Here, we analyse a global
data set of killer whale genomes in a rare attempt to elucidate global population
structure in a nonhuman species. We identify a pattern of genetic homogenisation
at lower latitudes and the greatest differentiation at high latitudes, even between
currently sympatric lineages. The processes underlying the major axis of structure
include high drift at the edge of species' range, likely associated with founder effects
and allelic surfing during postglacial range expansion. Divergence between Antarctic
and non‐Antarctic lineages is further driven by ancestry segments with up to fourfold
older coalescence time than the genome‐wide average; relicts of a previous
vicariance during an earlier glacial cycle. Our study further underpins that episodic
gene flow is ubiquitous in natural populations, and can occur across great distances
and after substantial periods of isolation between populations. Thus, understanding
the evolutionary history of a species requires comprehensive geographic sampling
and genome‐wide data to sample the variation in ancestry within individuals.