Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions
Carole Escartin
(1)
,
Elena Galea
(2)
,
András Lakatos
(3)
,
James O’callaghan
(4)
,
Gabor Petzold
(5)
,
Alberto Serrano-Pozo
(6)
,
Christian Steinhäuser
(7)
,
Andrea Volterra
(8)
,
Giorgio Carmignoto
(9)
,
Amit Agarwal
(10)
,
Nicola Allen
,
Alfonso Araque
,
Luis Barbeito
,
Ari Barzilai
,
Dwight Bergles
,
Gilles Bonvento
,
Arthur Butt
,
Wei-Ting Chen
,
Martine Cohen-Salmon
,
Colm Cunningham
,
Benjamin Deneen
,
Bart de Strooper
,
Blanca Díaz-Castro
,
Cinthia Farina
,
Marc Freeman
,
Vittorio Gallo
,
James Goldman
,
Steven Goldman
,
Magdalena Götz
,
Antonia Gutiérrez
,
Philip Haydon
,
Dieter Heiland
,
Elly Hol
,
Matthew Holt
,
Masamitsu Iino
,
Ksenia Kastanenka
,
Helmut Kettenmann
,
Baljit Khakh
,
Schuichi Koizumi
,
C. Justin Lee
,
Shane Liddelow
,
Brian Macvicar
,
Pierre Magistretti
,
Albee Messing
,
Anusha Mishra
,
Anna Molofsky
,
Keith Murai
,
Christopher Norris
,
Seiji Okada
,
Stéphane Oliet
,
João Oliveira
,
Aude Panatier
,
Vladimir Parpura
,
Marcela Pekna
,
Milos Pekny
,
Luc Pellerin
,
Gertrudis Perea
,
Beatriz Pérez-Nievas
,
Pfrieger Fw
(11)
,
Kira Poskanzer
,
Francisco Quintana
,
Richard Ransohoff
,
Miriam Riquelme-Perez
,
Stefanie Robel
,
Christine Rose
,
Jeffrey Rothstein
,
Nathalie Rouach
,
David Rowitch
,
Alexey Semyanov
,
Swetlana Sirko
,
Harald Sontheimer
,
Raymond Swanson
,
Javier Vitorica
,
Ina-Beate Wanner
,
Levi Wood
,
Jiaqian Wu
,
Binhai Zheng
,
Eduardo Zimmer
,
Robert Zorec
,
Michael Sofroniew
,
Alexei Verkhratsky
1
MIRCEN -
Molecular Imaging Research Center [Fontenay-aux-Roses]
2 UAB - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
3 CAM - University of Cambridge [UK]
4 NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [Morgantown, WV, USA]
5 DZNE - German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen
6 Massachusetts General Hospital [Charlestown, MA, États-Unis]
7 Universität Bonn = University of Bonn
8 UNIL - Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne
9 Italian National Research Council [Padova, Italy]
10 Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University
11 INCI - Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives
2 UAB - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
3 CAM - University of Cambridge [UK]
4 NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [Morgantown, WV, USA]
5 DZNE - German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen
6 Massachusetts General Hospital [Charlestown, MA, États-Unis]
7 Universität Bonn = University of Bonn
8 UNIL - Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne
9 Italian National Research Council [Padova, Italy]
10 Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University
11 INCI - Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives
Carole Escartin
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Elena Galea
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András Lakatos
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Gabor Petzold
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Alberto Serrano-Pozo
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Andrea Volterra
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Nicola Allen
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Alfonso Araque
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Luis Barbeito
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Ari Barzilai
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Dwight Bergles
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Gilles Bonvento
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Arthur Butt
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Wei-Ting Chen
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Martine Cohen-Salmon
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Colm Cunningham
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Benjamin Deneen
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Bart de Strooper
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Blanca Díaz-Castro
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Cinthia Farina
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Marc Freeman
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Vittorio Gallo
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James Goldman
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Steven Goldman
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Magdalena Götz
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Antonia Gutiérrez
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Philip Haydon
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Dieter Heiland
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Elly Hol
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Matthew Holt
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Masamitsu Iino
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Ksenia Kastanenka
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Helmut Kettenmann
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Baljit Khakh
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Schuichi Koizumi
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C. Justin Lee
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Shane Liddelow
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Brian Macvicar
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Pierre Magistretti
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Albee Messing
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Anusha Mishra
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Anna Molofsky
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Keith Murai
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Christopher Norris
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Seiji Okada
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Stéphane Oliet
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João Oliveira
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Aude Panatier
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Vladimir Parpura
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Marcela Pekna
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Milos Pekny
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Luc Pellerin
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Gertrudis Perea
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Beatriz Pérez-Nievas
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Pfrieger Fw
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Kira Poskanzer
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Francisco Quintana
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Richard Ransohoff
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Miriam Riquelme-Perez
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Stefanie Robel
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Christine Rose
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Jeffrey Rothstein
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Nathalie Rouach
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David Rowitch
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Alexey Semyanov
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Swetlana Sirko
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Harald Sontheimer
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Raymond Swanson
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Javier Vitorica
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Ina-Beate Wanner
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Levi Wood
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Jiaqian Wu
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Binhai Zheng
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Eduardo Zimmer
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Robert Zorec
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Michael Sofroniew
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Alexei Verkhratsky
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Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was first described over a century ago, uncertainties and controversies remain regarding the contribution of reactive astrocytes to CNS diseases, repair, and aging. It is also unclear whether fixed categories of reactive astrocytes exist and, if so, how to identify them. We point out the shortcomings of binary divisions of reactive astrocytes into good-vs-bad, neurotoxic-vs-neuroprotective or A1-vs-A2. We advocate, instead, that research on reactive astrocytes include assessment of multiple molecular and functional parameters—preferably in vivo—plus multivariate statistics and determination of impact on pathological hallmarks in relevant models. These guidelines may spur the discovery of astrocyte-based biomarkers as well as astrocyte-targeting therapies that abrogate detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes, potentiate their neuro- and glioprotective actions, and restore or augment their homeostatic, modulatory, and defensive functions.
Domains
Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]Origin | Explicit agreement for this submission |
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