Crisscross multilayering of cell sheets - Laboratoire de Physique des Cellules et Cancer = Physics of Cells and Cancer [Institut Curie] Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue PNAS Nexus Année : 2023

Crisscross multilayering of cell sheets

Trinish Sarkar
  • Fonction : Auteur
Victor Yashunsky
  • Fonction : Auteur
  • PersonId : 1198874
  • IdHAL : yashunsk
Louis Brézin
Carles Blanch Mercader
Thibault Aryaksama
  • Fonction : Auteur
Mathilde Lacroix
  • Fonction : Auteur
Jean-François Joanny

Résumé

Simple hydrostatic skeletons such as the Hydra's consist of two stacked layers of cells perpendicularly oriented. Although this crisscross architecture can be recapitulated in vitro, little is known on the formation of such multilayers starting from a monolayer. In the present article, we show that bilayering of myoblasts results from the organization and activity of the cells originally in the monolayer which can be described as a contractile active nematic. As expected, most of the +1/2 topological defects that are associated with this nematic order self-propel. However, a subpopulation of these defects remains immobile. Perpendicular bilayering occurs exclusively at these motionless defects. Indeed, cells located at the head of these defects converge toward the (immobile) core and accumulate there until they start migrating on top of the tail of the first layer while the tail cells migrate in the opposite direction under the head cells. Since the cells keep their initial orientations, the two stacked layers end up perpendicularly oriented. This concerted process leading to a bilayer is dependent on the apical secretion of Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) by the cells. Indeed, we evidence the presence of ECM between the cell layers and at the apical surface of the topmost layer. ECM molecules are oriented in the direction of the cells that produce them, which may guide the migration of the subsequent cell layers on their apical side.
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Dates et versions

hal-03268464 , version 2 (23-06-2021)
hal-03268464 , version 1 (06-11-2023)

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Trinish Sarkar, Victor Yashunsky, Louis Brézin, Carles Blanch Mercader, Thibault Aryaksama, et al.. Crisscross multilayering of cell sheets. PNAS Nexus, 2023, ⟨10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad034⟩. ⟨hal-03268464v2⟩
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